爱是一种谬论.ppt

Lesson Five Love is a Fallacy ---- by Max Shulman Aims To have a basic knowledge of the terms in logic. To appreciate the humor in the story. To analyze the structure of the story To appreciate the language Teaching Contents Special terms in logic Detailed study of the text Organizational pattern The chief attraction of the story? Language features Exercises Time allocation Terms in logic (15 min.) Detailed study of the text (110 min.) Structure analysis (15 min.) Language appreciation (15 min.) Exercise (25 min.) Lesson Five I. Special terms in logic argument--a statement which is offered as an evidence or a proof. It consists of two major elements 1. conclusion 2. premises -- a previous statement serving as a basis for an argument. Conclusion is to be drawn from premises. Special terms in logic fallacy -- false reasoning, as in an argument a weakness and lack of logic or good sense in an argument or piece of reasoning fallacy Usually, an argument is correct (deductively valid) if the premises can provide enough conclusive evidence for the conclusion. Otherwise the argument is wrong. It is said to be fallacious. Special terms in logic Three kinds of fallacy: 1. material fallacy -- in its material content through a misstatement of the facts. 2. verbal fallacy -- in its wording through an incorrect use of terms. 3. formal fallacy-in its structure through the use of an improper process of inference. False Analogy High school should not require a freshman writing course . Harvard doesnt require a freshman writing course, and the students get along fine without it. --- The analogy is false because the two items dont have strong enough similarities to predict that what happens in one will happen in the other. Dicta Simpliciter Everyone wants to get married someday. --- The example starts a logical train of thought with an assumption that is false. Not everyone wants to get married. Evading the issue There are a number of handy f