二级语法讲座1.pptVIP

内容 一、非谓语动词 二、虚拟语气 三、主谓一致 四、倒装 五、定语从句 六、状语从句 非 谓 语 动 词-The Non-Finites 1. 动词不定式 2. 动名词 3. 分词：现在分词 + 过去分词 4. 非谓语动词各种用法比较 非谓语动词在句中可充当的语法成分 “疑问词 + 不定式”结构 重点掌握：tell, teach, know, wonder, learn, show, find out, ask, understand, see, consider, explain 等。 重点掌握：advise,dare, decide, desire, determine, expect, fail, hope, long, manage, offer, plan, pretend, promise, refuse, strive, wish, want等. 含有事先安排好的或预定的计划，预先指出的后果，劝告，告诫，指示，命令等意味。 “It is (was)+形容词（或过去分词）+that……”结构中的虚拟语气:表示愿望、建议、请求、命令、可能、适当、较好、迫切、紧近、重要等形容词后的主语从句的谓语也用虚拟语气。其表达形式为should ＋动词原形或省略should直接用动词原形 主谓一致2 3. 两个作主语用的名词或代词由 as well as , rather than, as much as 连接时,谓语动词一般和前一名词或代词的人称和数一致。 The girl as well as the boys has learned to drive a car. 4. 集合名词如people, police, militia, cattle, poultry 等作主语时,其后的谓语动词总是用复数。 The police are helping the woman to look for her lost child. 主谓一致3 5．集体名词如family, crew, crowd, team, government, committee, audience 等作主语，当这些词作为一个整体看时，后面谓语动词用单数； 如就其中一个个成员来看是，谓语动词就用复数。 My family is a big one.(我的家人口多) The family were listening to the radio. (全家正在听收音机) 6．表示时间，金钱，距离等的名词的复数作主语时，谓语动词用单数。 Five minutes is enough. 7. 表示单一概念的成对名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。 Bread and butter is a daily food in the west. 四、倒装1 1 在某些句型中，可以单把表语提到主语前面来。 例句：Young as she was, she was already manager of a big hotel. 2 句首（或分句句首）是neither, nor, so, never, little, only, hardly, scarcely, rarely, nowhere, not, no或含有not, no的短语（如果谓语动词是be, 则用倒装）。 例 句：He can not speak, neither can he hear. 倒装2 3 用于句首不含if的非真实条件从句。 例句：Had I been there, I should have spoken to him. 六、状语从句 1 Adverbial Clause of Concession 重点掌握： as引导的让步状语从句需用倒装语序，倒装部分若为名词，则须去掉冠词： Poor as he was, he was honest. Child as he is (=Although he is a child), he can write good compositions. 2 Adverbial Clause of Comparison 1.?引导词：than, as 例句：a. The project was completed earlier than we had expected. b. Her heart is as heavy as lead. 2. 含比较状语从句的复合句中倍数的表达： 例 句： I can run only half as fast as him. 3. 比较状语从句中that的用法