08Unit15-16英语国家社会与文化入门.pptVIP

Unit 15 Australia: Land and People Area:7 682 300 km2 Population: 21 700 000 P. 243Par 8 The Frist Fleet 11 ships 1400 or so people P. 244Par 1-2 Peoples of the Dreaming: Land owns the humans, not vice versa. Native people living in Australia before the British went there. P. 244Last par Dreaming: Native religion Time before the time About the creation of all things P. 245Par 2 Dreaming: No distinction between the words for “belief”, “law”, and “knowledge”. Dreaming stories provide special knowledge of their land. P. 245Par 4 How the settlers made use of native dreaming stories: Sealers: Pastoralists: P. 245Par 5 … as though they were part of the fauna of the country. P. 246Par 3 Who went to Australia before the British? Zheng He? Merchants from Malaysia, Indonesia, and Middle-East P. 246Par 4-5 Meaning of Australia: Southland Meaning of Terra Nullius: Unknown wasteland P. 247Par 2 First stage: conflict and exploitation Many native people were killed Their land taken away. Diseases brought to Australia P. 247Par 6-7 Second stage：segregation and exclusion Native peoples were driven to live on reserves Whites’ image of themselves as superior, civilized people P. 248Par 1 Darwinian theory of evolution: Some races are better Herbert Spencer: the survival of the fittest 适者生存 P. 248Par 2 Third stage: assimilation The dreaming is considered “superstitious” Native children taken away Teach them to accept Christianity P. 248Par 3 Contradiction in the assimilation policy: The British wanted to assimilate natives but also excluded them from social and political life Unit 16 P. 256 Par 1 The Dreaming is about a people being at one with the country. People are responsible to guard the land. P. 257Par 1-3 Protestantism (新教) and liberal democratic capitalism form an “elective affinity”(最佳匹配）： Rationalism Individualism Hard work Worldly success Asceticism P.