02Linux进程201009081741.pptVIP

Linux中进程状态转换 Linux进程创建与消亡 进程的创建 Parent 通过 fork()创建 Child Parent和Child继续并发执行 若parent继续繁衍更多child，child之间是sibling关系 Child可以繁衍自己的Child 进程的消亡 进程通过调用exit()而消亡 进程属性字段(1) 进程属性字段(2) state TASK_RUNNING (Ready, Run) TASK_INTERRUPTIBLE Task_UNINTERRUPTIBLE TASK_STOPPED TASK_ZOMBIE TASK_DEAD flags 进程属性字段(3) 与进程调度相关的字段 (1) 调度因子 timeslice priority 与进程调度相关的字段 (2) static_prio nice = MAX_PRIO -20 (MAX_PRIO defaults to 140) prio dynamic priority +/- 5 run_list (指向runqueue) policy determines the type of process (e.g., time sharing or real time). cpus_allowed in a multiprocessor system time_slice the maximum amount of time the task is allowed to run 与进程调度相关的字段 (3) rt_priority priority of real time task updated through schedule() unsigned long nvcsw, nivcsw; /* context switch counts */ nvcsw (number of voluntary context switches ) nivcsw (number of involuntary context switches) 抢占式 进程间相互关系的字段(1) parent sibling children 进程间相互关系的字段(2) struct task_struct *real_parent; 若parent已亡，则指向 init() struct task_struct *parent; struct list_head children; struct list_head sibling; struct task_struct *group_leader; 与进程的用户和信任相关的字段 与文件系统和地址空间相关的字段 struct fs_struct *fs; struct files_struct *files; struct mm_struct *mm, *active_mm; Linux进程相关命令 at at -f /root/shell/hello.sh now +1 minutes //1分钟后执行，输出到邮箱 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- [root@localhost ~]# at 0151 sep 2 at echo hello world at EOT //ctrl+d crontab [root@localhost ~]# crontab –e 36 01 * * * echo “I‘m happy ” //01:36执行，输出发送到邮箱 crontab: installing new crontab Linux进程相关命令 sleep / bg / fg / jobs / / ctrl + z (sleep 10; echo xjtu) 前台 ctrl+z stopped bg 1 挪到后台 -------------------------------------------------- (sleep 10; echo xjtu) 后台 jobs -l 显示后台运行的进程 fg 1 挪到前台 nohup (no hangup) 进程忽略挂起（SIGHUP）信号，用户退出后，使该进程继续执行 nohup command //默认输出到 nohup.out，让其在后台执行 nohup ping -c 8 127.