何自然教授：有趣的语言现象(alecture).ppt

(13)a. He kept smoking all the while. 他不停地抽烟（表示动作不 断） b. He kept on smoking still.　他仍未戒烟（表示保持某种状态） (14)a. He said she is mad, and so she is.　(=yes) b. She said he is mad, and so is she. (=also) (15)a. I don’t care to go with him. (不想。=not be willing to do) b. I don’t mind going with him.（不反对。=not object to doing sth.） (16)a. He had trouble on my account.　他为我而受累了 b. He took trouble on my account.　他为我不怕麻烦，不辞劳苦 (17)a. I didn’t notice him.　我没注意到他（无意） b. I took no notice of him.　我没把他放在眼里（有意） 2)不定式的常用结构 All I did was (to) turn off the gas. What he’s done is (to) spoil the whole thing. An outstanding example of this is to compare the welfare facilities provided for Chinese and New Zealand workers. 只有当不定式结构表达的是句子主语中的do的具体内容时，这个不定式结构中的to才会可有可无。但要注意以下两点： a. Turn off the tap was all I did.(不定式结构在句首，to必须省略） b. What I’m doing is teaching/*teach him a lesson.(主语中的do是进行体时，表语只用-ing式，不用不定式。） c. What he’s done is spoilt/ *spoil the whole thing.(主语中的do是完成体时，表语只用-ed分词，不用不定式。) 3)句型结构的简化：单词代替词组，词组代替分句 Three cups later, he visibly warmed up.　三杯下肚，他明显地激动起来(=after drinking three cups…　类例：two children later=生了两个孩子以后) After Hong Kong – noisy, pushy and crowded – the busy streets of Kwangchow seemed gentle by comparison.　(=after staying in Hong Kong… 或 after leaving Hong Kong…) Good or bad, television programs on any country can still ruin home life. (=whether it is good or bad…) Nationwide, the energy situation continues to be serious. 从全国范围看，能源形势仍然严重(=speaking from nationwide point of view…) Predrug, he used to be a nice kid.　在没有染上毒瘾之前，他是一个很好的小伙子(=before he became a drug addict…) Nervous/ Nervously, the man opened the letter. Strange/ Strangely, it was she who did it. --完-- 有趣的语言现象The Amazement of Language phenomena 广东外语外贸大学 外国语言学及应用语言学研究中心 何自然 我今天讲的不是一个学术论题，而是一些我觉得有趣的语言现象。学语言的，不管学外语还是学自己民族的语言，对我们平日所学、所用的语言都应该十分敏感。一般人在使用或接触语言时，不会太过于注意语言本身的表现，结果，一些有趣的、令人惊奇、诧异的现象就感觉不出来，而被轻易地放过了。 语用学是研究人们如何使用语言的学问，它的任务之一是，研究人们使用语言时语言本身到底有些什么值得我们注意的事情。所谓语言现象