3第二章变质反应和变质带详解.ppt

* Barrow noted significant and systematic mineralogical changes in the pelitic rocks He found that he could subdivide the area into a series of metamorphic zones, each based on the appearance of a new mineral as metamorphic grade increased (which he could correlate to increased grain size) The new mineral that characterizes a zone is termed an index mineral * This sequence of zones now recognized in other orogenic belts, and is now so well established in the literature that the zones are often referred to as the Barrovian zones Tilley, Kennedy, etc. confirmed Barrow’s zones, and extended them over a much larger area of the Highlands Tilley coined the term isograd for the line that separates the zones An isograd, then, is meant to indicate a line in the field of constant metamorphic grade Really = the intersection of the isogradic surface with the Earth’s surface * Later we shall see broader categories: metamorphic facies Barrovian zones have become the norm to which we compare all other areas of regional metamorphism OK practice, but we shouldn’t let these zones constrain our thinking or our observations Other zones may be important and useful locally A chloritoid zone is prevalent in the Appalachians (X) * The molar volume of cordierite is also quite high, indicating that it too is a low-pressure mineral The geothermal gradient in this northern district was higher than in Barrow’s area, and rocks at any equivalent temperature must have been at a lower pressure This lower P/T variation has been called Buchan-type metamorphism. It too is relatively common Miyashiro (1961), from his work in the Abukuma Plateau of Japan, called such a low P/T variant Abukuma-type Both terms are common in the literature, and mean essentially the same thing 交换反应 石榴石－黑云母温度计(Ferry Spear, 1978) Mg3Al2Si3O12(Py)+KFe3Al2Si3O10(OH)2(Ann) = Fe3Al2Si3O12(Alm)+KMg3Al2Si3O10(OH)2(Phl) 石榴石－单斜辉石温度计(Krogh-Ravna, 2000) 1/3Mg3Al2Si3O12 (Py) + CaFeSi2O6(Hed) = 1/3Fe3Al2Si3O12(Alm) + CaMgSi2O6(D