E磁场对电流的作用.pptVIP

* Chapter 8 Magnetic Force on Currents §1 Magnetic force on currents Ampere’s law §2 Magnetic field acts on a loop of wire §3 The work of magnetic force §4 Lorentz force §5 Charged particle moving in electric and magnetic field §6 Hall effect §1 Magnetic force on current Ampere’s law 1 Experiment 实验现象 A current-carrying wire in a magnetic field experience a force： If wire is perpendicular to B，the force：F = IBL； If wire is parallel to B，the force： F = 0； If the angle between wire and B isα, the force: F = IBLsinα Force direction is determined by left hand rule. 2 Ampere’s law Magnitude： Direction： Force on total current: 3 Examples Ex 1 determine the force between two parallel straight wires I1，I2，?0，a a ?0 I1 I2 The field by wire(I1) at wire(I2): ? Magnetic force on current element Direction as shown in Fig The force per unit length wire 取a=1m, f=2?10-7 N/m, I=1A Parallel wires carrying current in the same direction attract one another Ex 2 determine the force on a semicircular section of wire of radius R carrying a current I in a magnetic field. Discuss (1) The force on rigid circular wire Corollary: 任一段弯曲载流导线在均匀磁场中所受的磁场作用力，等于从起点到终点连接的直导线通过相同的电流时所受的作用力。 (2) 刚性1/4 圆线圈受力 (3) 连接两端点的直线电流受力 方向: 与x轴夹角?/4 y x O I Ex 3 Two current-carrying wires is shown in Fig (MN is coplanar with wire I1). Calculate the force on wire MN. Magnetic force on current element I2dl： Magnetic force on MN: The field by current I1 at current I2: Direction down into page Direction: as shown in the Fig M F x I2dl 300 a N I1 b §2 Magnetic field acts on a loop of wire a b c d ad=bc=l1 ab=cd=l2 Result：A current-carrying loop in a magnetic field experiences a torque bc： downwards da： upwards ab： a(b) d(c) ? ⊙ Direction as shown in Fig cd： equal and opposite, but they do not act along the same line, so they create a torque(力矩) Torque M＝IBl1l2cos? =IBS cos? I I Note a(b) d(c) ? ⊙ (1) The magnetic torque (2) Extremum of ma