陕西科技大学工商管理硕士(MBA)课件-2015-《商务英语》-邢战雷-3-Management Principles.pptVIP

Functions——Planning It is the process of selecting a course of actions to achieve organizational objectives. It involves: Forecasting events and determining the best course of actions from a set of options or choices. The plan itself specifies what should be done, by whom, where, when, to what extent, and how. Planning is the first function of management. It lays the groundwork for the other functions. The plans developed by management should lead to the achievement of the objectives set by the organization. Functions——Organizing It is the structuring of resources and activities to accomplish objectives in an efficient and effective manner. Structure is the arrangement of positions within the organization or the pattern of interdependent relationships. Managers carry out their organizing function by reviewing strategic and tactical plans and determining what is necessary to implement the plans, when they divide the work into small units and assign them to specific individuals or groups. Functions——Staffing It means hiring people to carry out the work of the organization. Once managers have determined what work is to be done, they must ensure that the organization has the staff to do the work. Employees must be available in appropriate quantity and with appropriate skill. HRM，PM Functions——Directing It is motivating and leading employees to achieve organizational objective. Once the needed employees have been hired, management must provide guidance. This function is performed by all managers. However, directing is of primary importance to the first-line managers because they are the ones who must deal on a daily basis with the employees operating the organization. Functions——Controlling Controlling is the process evaluating and correcting activities to keep the organization on course. The essence of controlling is adjustment——checking actual events against the plans and reconciling the differences. Detailed measures for controlling: Measuring the performance of t