营养与代谢科学简讯.PDF

营养与代谢科学简讯 Brief News of Nutrition and Metabolism Sciences 中国科学院营养与代谢重点实验室 中国科学院上海生命科学研究院营养科学研究所 中国营养学会基础营养学分会 October 10, 2014 Nutrition in Focus  WHO ：健康膳食 Healthy diet Consuming a healthy diet throughout the life-course helps prevent malnutrition in all its forms as well as a range of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) and conditions. But increasing production of processed food, rapid urbanization and changing lifestyles have led to a shift in dietary patterns. People are consuming more foods high in energy, saturated fats, trans fats, free sugars or salt/sodium, and many do not eat enough fruit, vegeta- bles and dietary fibre such as whole grains. The exact make-up of a healthy, balanced diet will vary depending on the individual needs (e.g. age, gender, lifestyle, degree of physical activity) ，according to WHO newly updat- ed fact sheets on “healthy diet”. /mediacentre/factsheets/fs394/en/  Cell Metabolism ：体重稳态的平衡机制 A Missing Link in Body Weight Homeostasis: The Catabolic Signal of the Overfed State Mammals regulate fat mass so that increases or reductions in adipose tissue mass activate responses that favor return to one’s previous weight. A reduction in fat mass activates a system that increases food intake and reduc- es energy expenditure; conversely, overfeeding and rapid adipose tissue expansion reduces food intake and in- creases energy expenditure. With the identification of leptin nearly two decades ago, the central circuit that de- fends against reductions in body fat was revealed. However, the systems that defend against rapid expansion of fat mass remain largely unknown. An article in Cell Metabolism reviewed the physiology of the overfed state and evi