2014.4.19英语语法--代指与主谓一致.ppt

但是这些名词直接作主语时，谓语用复数。 如： My black trousers have worn out. 我的黑裤子已经穿破了。 5.2.2 谓语用复数情况 1． 由and, both …and, 连接的并列主语，和both ,a few, many ,several 等修饰语后面谓语动词通常用复数形式 如： Few people know he and I were classmates when we were at college.  2.集体名词police, public, militia, cattle ,class ,youth后常用复数形式的动词 如：The Chinese people are brave and hardworking. The cattle are grazing in the sunshine . 3．当表示民族的词与冠词合用当主语，谓语动词用复数形式 如： The Japanese were once very aggressive . 4．某些形容词前面加定冠词表示一类人，做主语时候，谓语动词用复数 如： The rich are not always selfish. 5．不可数名词作主语，其前有表示数量的复数名词修饰时，谓语动词用复数 如： Three million tons of coal were exported that year. 5.2.3谓语动词可用单数，也可以用复数的情况 1． 就近一致原则 这种情况下，谓语动词使用单数还是复数取决于最靠近该动词的主语的单复数，存在这种情况的主要由以下几种可能：  1） 由连词 either…or…; neither…nor…; whether… or…;not only…but (also) ;or 等连接的并列主语 如：Neither money nor fame has influence on me .Not only you but also he is wrong . 2) 在倒装结构中，谓语动词与后面的第一个主语一致 如：Blocking the open-sided porch, framed by the enveloping fog, stands a tall grave-faced policeman. Just outside the ruins is a magnificent building surrounded by tall trees.  2． 主语带有（together/along）with, such as，accompanied by, as well as, no less than, except, besides, with, combined with, in addition to , including, together with 等等附加成分，谓语的数不受附加成分的影响仍然与主语保持一致 如： Professor Taylor , with six of his students ,is attending a conference in Boston organized to compare current practice in the United States with those of other nations. The president of the college, together with the deans, is planning a conference for the purpose of laying down certain regulations. (1981年考研题 ） 3．关系代词做主语的定语从句中，谓语的数要与先行词一致。 如： Despite much research, there are still certain elements in the life cycle of the insect that are not fully understood. （1996年考研题） There are many valuable services which the public are willing to pay for, but which do not bring a return in money to the community. （1990年考研题）  4．一些表示数量的短语