非谓语动词---kelly.ppt

Point 4: used as adverbial分词作状语 主动 被动 现在分词一般式 doing being done 现在分词完成式 having done having been done ※否定式：直接在分词前加not When they heard the bad news, they couldn’t help crying. = After I had received his letter, I decided to write back. = He had been invited, he felt very happy. = Hearing the bad news, they… Having received his letter, I… Having been invited, he felt… （几乎）同时发生 发生在主句主语之前 Not having been invited, he felt very unhappy. 小结： 1. 现在分词所表示的动作与主语成主谓关系即主动关系。 2. 现在分词的一般式作状语，表示分词所表示的动作与主句谓语动词表示的动作同时（或几乎同时）发生。 现在分词的完成式作状语，表示分词所表示的动作发生在谓语动作之前，或强调分词的动作持续一段时间后谓语动词的动作才发生。 3. 现在分词短语作状语，其逻辑主语须与句子的主语一致； Having lived in the city for years, he knows it very well. 1. Hearing the bad news, they couldn’t help crying. 2. Having been to the Great Wall many times, he didn’t go last week. 3. The factory keeps releasing smoke, making the air dirty. 4. Working hard, you will succeed. 6. Admitting what you say, I still think you are wrong. 5. They came into the classroom, singing and laughing. 时间 (when) 原因 (because, as) 结果 (so that, as a result) 条件 (if) 让步 (though) 伴随 …, and they were singing and dancing. 注： 现在分词用于动词stand, sit 和lie后，通常表示这两个动作同时发生。 They stood talking to each other ＝They stood when they were talking to each other. 练练： He sat at the desk ____ a letter. A. write B. writing C. wrote D. to write 作状语表示行为方式、伴随情况或补充说 明时，通常位于句子的后面，相当于一个并 列分句。 Asked how old the underground system was, she made no reply. = Moved by the heroic deeds, the children couldnt help crying. Exhausted by the running, they went on running after the robber. Given another chance, I’ll do it much better. The teacher came in, followed by students. When she was asked how old the underground system was, she made… （时间状语） （原因状语） （让步状语） （条件状语） 伴随状语 …and the teacher was followed by… 小结： 1. 过去分词作状语，表示分词所表示的动作与主句主语之间存在被动关系。 2. 过去分词作状语，其逻辑主语须与句子的主语一致。 有时为了强调分词短语和主句之间的关系，可与when, while, though, until, if, even if, 等连词连用时，相当于这些词引导的一个从句。 When he was asked how old the undergr