被动语态老师版.docVIP

被 动 语 态 语 法 指 导 一．被动语态的构成 当句子的主语是动作的承受者时用被动语态，被动语态由“动词be+过去分词”构成。助动词be有人称、数和时态的变化 一般式 进行式 完成式 现在 is/are done is/are being done has/have been done 过去 was/were done was/were being done had been done 将来 will be done 过去将来 would be done 5种时态的主动变被动形式 1）一般现在时的主动变被动 We keep the butter in the fridge The butter is kept in the fridge. 2)一般过去时的主动变被动 Jane painted a picture A picture was painted but Jane 3)一般将来时的主动变被动 The teacher will allow you to leave early You will be allowed to leave early 4)现在进行时的主动变被动 He is repairing my bike My bike is being repaired 5)现在完成时的主动变被动 They have caught the thief The thief has been caught 情态动词主动变被动 情态动词的被动语态由“情态动词+be+过去分词”构成： We can use coal to produce electricity Coal can be used to produce electricity You must do the homework carefully The home work must be done carefully 被动语态的用法 1）不知动作执行者 说话者强调的是动作本身，且没有必要知道或不知道动作的执行者是谁时，常使用被动语态。 The book is well written这本书写得很好 The novel has been translated into many languages这部小说已经被翻译成许多种语言 2）避免提及动作执行者 被动语态可避免提及动作的执行者，这样有利于对观点的陈述 Qingdao has been described as the most beautiful city in China青岛被描述为中国最美丽的城市 3）强调动作承受者 为了强调动作承受者。若要提及动作的执行者是谁，可以用by加施动者表示 The names of the winners will be read out by the judge获胜者的姓名由评判员宣读 某些动词不能构成被动结构 1）不及物动词及短语 appear die disappear happen lie occur rise agree with belong to break out consist of have on keep up with keep words lose heart take place 2）状态动词 下列表示状态的动词不能构成被动结构 become benefit cost contain equal fit fail have lack last mean suit look like 动词主动形式表被动 1）某些感官动词与形容词连用 The water feels very cold 这水摸起来很冷 The dish tastes delicious 这菜尝起来很可口 这类动词有：feel, look, prove, smell, sound,taste,wear 2)不及物动词后和副词well连用 This kind of book sells well这种书很畅销 The pen writes well这支笔很好写 This pair of glasses wears comfortably这幅眼镜戴起来很舒服 这类动词有：clean ,cut,cook,draw,play,read,sell,wash,wear,write等 3）动名词与主语有动宾关系 动词want（需要），need（需要），deserve