Food Safety and Food Security（PPT 11页）.ppt

Food Safety and Food Security Why are Food SafetyRegulations Needed? $400-500 billion per year in food trade Increase export partners Increase ease of exporting Minimize financial loss Increase agricultural intensity Biological contamination is a major cause of death in developing counties Increase food security Food Exports Why is government intervention needed? Incomplete markets for food safety Imperfect information Are There International Standards? - Yes WTO Agreement on the Application of Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures (SPS) Established January 1, 1995 Final decision: Uruguay Round of multilateral trade negotiations Benefits of SPS Consumers are receiving food that is safe to eat Avoid standards that lead to excessive trade restrictions Set basic rules for food safety Sovereignty in setting country-specific regulations Regulations based on science No unjustified or arbitrary discrimination to counties with similar conditions Impediments to Food Safety Regulation in Developing Countries Lack of food act Lack of food control infrastructure Lack of facilities to implement food control practice properly Shortage of train staff Lack of qualified judges Why are Developing Countries Lagging Behind? Limited financial and physical resources Low purchasing power Importance on political agenda Lack of motivation Low capacity Fragmented food system Why are Developing Countries Lagging Behind? Underdeveloped post-harvest infrastructure Inappropriate technology Food service establishment are poorly maintained Constant changes in Codex Alimentarius Capacity Strengthening Needs for: Policymakers Analysts Scientists Inspectors Processors Producers Export control programs Basic Guidelines for FoodSafety Policies Adequate Equivalent/Harmonized Scientifically based Page * IFPRI IFPRI IFPRI Otsuki, T, J. Wilson, and M. Sewadeh. 2001 Page * IFPRI