宏观经济学-91_劳动力市场与AD-AS模型_P.pdf

第十章 劳动力市场与AD-AS 模型 第十章 劳动力市场与AD-AS 模型 1 时间概念：三个核心模型 时间概念：三个核心模型 短期—— 经济年复一年发生的事情； 中期—— 经济在大约10年间发生的事情； 长期—— 经济在半个世纪甚至更长时间中发生的事情； 短期波动模型 价格水平是粘性的，只发生数量调整； 中期调整模型 价格水平有一个调整过程，同时发生价格调整与数量调整； 长期增长模型 价格水平是灵活的，只发生价格调整； 2 6-1 劳动力市场中的概念 • 非社会公共机构的平民人口 The noninstitutional civilian population are the number of people potentially available for civilian employment. • 平民劳动力 The civilian labor force is the sum of those either working or looking for work. • 非劳动力 Those who are neither working nor looking for work are out of the labor force. • 劳动参与率 The participation rate is the ratio of the labor force to the noninstitutional civilian population. • 失业率 The unemployment rate is the ratio of the unemployed to the labor force. 3 劳动力的巨大流动 Figure 6 - 1 Population, Labor Force, Employment, and Unemployment in the United States (in millions), 2003 劳动参与率： 146.5/221.2=66%; 失业率： 8.8/146.5=6% 4 劳动力的巨大流动 Figure 6 - 2 Average Monthly Flows Between Employment, Unemployment, and Nonparticipation in the United States, 1994-1999 •(1) The flows of workers in and out of employment are large (2) The flows in and out of unemployment are large in relation to the number of unemployed (3) There are also large flows in and out of the labor force, much of them directly to and from employment 5 劳动力的巨大流动 From the 当前人口调查（CPS ）data we conclude that: The flows of workers in and out of employment are large. The flows of workers in and out of employment are large.