真菌细胞生物学5.pdfVIP

5 The Cytoskeleton and Polarized Growth of Filamentous Fungi R. Fischer1 CONTENTS sualized by immunostaining or GFP-tubulin fusion I. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121 proteins, consist of several MTs and their dynam- II. The Hyphal Growth Form ics appears to be different in fast-growing hyphal and the Spitzenkörper . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121 tips as compared with young germlings. Whereas III. The Microtubule Cytoskeleton . . . . . . . . . . 123 the spindle pole bodies were considered as the A. Organization of the Microtubule Cytoskeleton . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123 only, or the main, microtubule organizing centres B. Origin of Microtubules . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124 (MTOCs) in filamentous fungi, it appears that ad- C. The Microtubule Plus End . . . . . . . . . . . 125 ditional MTOCs outside the nuclei are responsible D. The MT Lattice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127 for the generation of the complex MT array. In ad- E. MT-Dependent Motor Proteins . . . . . . . 127 F. Cell End Makers at the Cortex . . . . . . . . 129 dition to new insights into the MT network and its IV. The Actin Cytoskeleton . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130 dynamics, the roles of several kinesins have been A. Organization of the Actin Cytoskeleton . 130 elucidated recently and their interplay with dynein B. The Polarisome . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130 investigated. It became clear that MT functions are C. Actin-Dependent Motor Proteins . . . . . 131 interwoven with those of the actin cytoskeleton and D. The swo Mutants and the Establishment of Polarity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .