离心式冷水机组的制冷剂选择.pdf

第 6 卷 　第 1 期 　 　　　制 冷 与 空 调 　　　　 　　　　 　 　　　　　　 2 0 0 6 年 2 月 　 　　　　　REFRIGERA TION AND AIR - CONDITION IN G 6369 离心式冷水机组的制冷剂选择 James M. Calm ( Engineering Consultant) 摘 　要 　描述冷水机组特别是大型机组最常用的替代制冷剂。总结了蒙特利尔议定书所制定的制冷剂淘汰 ( ) 时间表。对冷水机组 压缩式与吸收式 目前所使用的制冷剂进行探讨,包括大气寿命、ODP 与 GW P 。概述 了离心式冷水机组的最低能效标准。对主要的制冷剂进行科学评估。介绍了除 R123 以外的其他替代制冷 剂。研究表明 ,R123 作为目前离心式冷水机组应用最广泛的制冷剂 ,其 ODP 与 GW P 较低 ,且大气寿命短 , 放射率低 ,效率高。对中国而言 R123 至少在未来的几十年内仍具有非常显著的环境和经济优势。 关键词 　制冷剂 　空调 　制冷 　冷水机组 　效率 　OD P 　GW P Refrigerants option for centrif ugal chillers James M. Calm ( Engineering Consultant) ABSTRACT 　Examines the most commonly used refrigerant options for chillers specifically for the t ype used in large systems. Summarizes refrigerant phaseout schedule under the Momtreal Protocol. Tabulates and and discusses current refrigerant selection for chillers by compression t ype and for absorption absorption chillers. Presents and discusses atmospheric lifetime , ozone depletion potential ( OD P) , and global warming potential ( GW P) data for refrigerants. Out lines minimum efficiency standards for centrifugal chillers. Summarizes scientific assessments of leading refrigerants. Concludes that good altermatives exist for most chiller refrigerants other than R123. Notes that R123 has a favorable overall impact on the environment based on its low OD P , very low GW P , very short atmospheric lifetime , low emission rates , and very high efficiency. R123 offers important envirnment