高中生物会考知识点归纳5(生物的变异)(国外英文资料).doc

高中生物会考知识点归纳5(生物的变异)(国外英文资料) Biology will be able to summarize the variation of five organisms The variation of the fourth segment One, genetic mutations and genetic recombination Noun: 1, genetic mutation: a change in the structure of the gene, including the addition, deletion, or alteration of DNA base pairs. Genetic recombination: a recombination of genes that control different traits. Natural mutation: some mutations occur naturally, this is called ~. Induced mutagenesis (artificial mutagenesis) : some mutations are produced under artificial conditions, called ~. It refers to the use of physical and chemical factors to deal with the organism, causing it to mutate. Non-genetic variation: the variation of environmental factors, the genetic material does not change and cannot be further passed on to future generations. Genetic variation: variation of genetic material. These include genetic mutations, genetic recombination, chromosomal variation. Statement: Genetic mutations: natural mutations and induced mutations: universality; Randomness (genetic mutations can occur in the biological individual development at any time and any organisms cells. Mutations occur earlier, during the period of performance part of mutation, the mutation of the late period, the less part of the performance mutations.) ; Mutation rate is low; Most harmful; Indirectionality (a gene can mutate in a different direction, producing more than one allele.) It is. Meaning: it is the fundamental source of biological variation and also provides the initial raw materials for biological evolution. (4) the reason: in certain environmental conditions or creatures under the action of internal factors, DNA replication process appears small errors, caused by the changes in the DNA nucleotide sequence of the gene led to the original allele gene into it. Changes in certain genetic information contained in this gene cause changes in biological traits. 5. Example: a, the formation of human sickle type of anaem