边沿功效(国外英文资料).docVIP

边际效用(国外英文资料) Marginal utility refers to the added utility of a unit of goods or services over a given period of time, the increment of total utility. In economics, utility refers to the ability of a commodity to satisfy a persons desire, or utility, to the extent that a consumer feels when consuming a product. The basic concept Marginal utility theory of value of western economics (subjective theory of value) refers to the value of scale to meet people finally the desire of the smallest unit of utility. The utility value theory was clearly stated in the book of bourgeois economics in the 17th and 18th centuries. British economist n. barben used the utility of goods to illustrate the value of an object. Italian economist f. adriano galliani made clear that value is the ratio of items to human needs, value depends on the exchange for goods utility value, or, determined by the utility and the scarce of the items. In the second half of the 18th century and at the beginning of the 19th century, the theory of labor value was developed, and utility value theory was in a state of stagnation. After the 1830s, the marginal utility value theory developed. British economist, W.F. Lloyd put forward in 1833, commodity value said only one psychological enjoyment of goods depends on peoples desires and the evaluation of an item, peoples desire and value will vary with the change of the population of items, and between the desire to be satisfied and not satisfied on the marginal, which actually distinguish between the total utility and marginal utility. At the same time, the Irish economists m. lang field, also thinks goods market prices are always caused by can actually buy a minimum requirement to adjust the intensity. 1854 German economist reveal ghosn is put forward to satisfy mans needs three theorem: (1) desire or diminishing utility theorem, namely with the increase of item number, peoples desire or item of diminishing utility. (2) is equal to the marginal utility theorem, t