海上风机载荷.doc

海上风机的载荷 Offshore wind turbine loading目录 Contents ? 载荷的来源和载荷工况 Sources of loading load cases: － 设计标准及外部条件Design standards external conditions ? 建模技术 Modelling techniques: － 疲劳载荷Fatigue loading ? 载荷工况分组和尾流效应Lumping of load cases wake effects － 极限载荷Extreme loading ? 合适的波浪模型Appropriate wave models － 风和波浪载荷的综合模型 Integrated modelling of wind wave loads载荷来源和载荷工况 Sources of loading load cases载荷来源 Sources of loading ? 惯性和重力载荷 Inertial gravitational loads ? 空气动力载荷 Aerodynamic loads ? 运行载荷 Operational loads ? 流体动力载荷 Hydrodynamic loads ? 海冰载荷 Sea ice loads ? 船舶冲击载荷 Boat impact loads海上和岸上载荷环境不同？ How does the offshore loading environment differ from onshore? ? 风特性不同 Wind properties are different: ? 更高的年平均风速 Higher AMWS ? 更低的湍流 Lower turbulence ? 更低的风剪切 Lower shear ? 低层喷流影响？Low-level jets? ? 额外的载荷来源： Additional sources of loading: ? 波浪和海流 Waves currents ? 冰载 Ice ? 船舶冲击载荷 Boat impact海上风机载荷和其他海上建筑有何不同？ How does offshore turbine loading differ from other offshore structures? ? 更大的风载贡献 Greater loading contribution from wind ? 更多的动态响应 More dynamic response ? 更高的非直线响应 Greater non-linearity of response ? 深度浅 Shallower depths ? 疲劳载荷支配设计 Design driven by fatigue ? 无人管理，无污染的危害， →可接受较低的安全系数 Un-manned, no pollution hazards → lower safety factors acceptable? ? 不是一次性的 Not ‘one offs’!设计情况和载荷工况 Design situations load cases ? 出于设计目的，一个海上风机的寿命可由一组涵盖 风机可能经历的所有重要的设计情况来描述的 For design purposes, the life of an offshore wind turbine can be represented by a set of design situations covering the most significant conditions which the offshore wind turbine may experience ? 特定设计情况包括：装配，安装，维修和运行方 式）和适当的外部条件的组合确定了载荷工况 Load cases are determined from the combination of specific design situations (assembly, erection, maintenance and operational modes) with appropriate external conditions 正常设计情况 Normal design situations 正常外部条件 Normal external conditions 正常设计情况 Normal design situations 极限外部条件 Extreme external conditions 故障设计情况 Fault design situations 适当的外部条件 Appropriate external conditio