材料导论 第二章 材料的性质.pptVIP

 To properly choose a material for our ultimate goal, it is necessary to understand what these properties mean, how they are measured, and how they should be compared in the selection process.  Chemical Properties Chemical properties are material characteristics that relate to the structure of a material and its formation. These properties are usually measured in a chemical laboratory, and they cannot be determined by visual observation Physical Properties Physical properties are characteristics of materials that pertain to (属于）the interaction of these materials with various forms of energy and with other forms of matter. In essence（本质）, they pertain to the science of physics. They can usually be measured without destroying or changing the material. Color is a physical property; it can be determined by just looking at a substance. Mechanical Properties Mechanical properties are the characteristics of a material that are displayed when a force is applied to the material. They usually relate to the elastic or inelastic (弹性或非弹性)behavior of the material, and they often require the destruction of the material for measurement. Chemical Properties Composition（组成） Microstructure （微观结构） Crystal structure and stereospecificity （晶体结构与立体定向性） Corrosion Resistance（抗腐蚀性）  Composition(组成） Definition: the elements or chemical components that make up a material, and the relative proportion of these components. Composition In metals, composition usually means the percentage of the various elements that make up the metal.（不同元素的百分比） Composition The composition of a polymer consists of the chemical notation（化学符号） of the monomer（单体） with the indication of the chain length (number average molecular weight). 由单体化学符号及链长表示 Composition The composition of a ceramic is usually the stoichiometric(化学计量） make up (the quantitative relationship of elements and combination) of the compound or compounds(for example, the composition of the ceramic aluminu