主要造岩矿物.pdfVIP

The rock-Forming Minerals 造岩矿物 A handful of very abundant minerals account for the great majority of the Earths rocks(构成岩石主要成分的矿物).These rock-forming minerals are the ones that define the bulk chemistry(全化学组分) of rocks and how rocks are classified( 定义、划分) .Other minerals are called accessory minerals( 副矿 物).The rock-forming minerals are the ones you want to learn first. Identifincation Key for the Rock-Forming Minerals Mineral Usual Color Crystals Cleavages Hardness Diagnostic (解 理) （鉴定特征） Biotite （黑云母） Black Rare 1 perfect 2-3 Cleavage Calcite （方解石） White Common 3 good 3 Acid fizz(起泡) Dolomite （白云石） White Common 3 good 4 Acid no fizz Feldspar(长石) White or Pink Common 2 good 6-6.5 Hardness Hornblende （普通角闪石）Black Common 2(50/120 °) 5-6 Cleavage Muscovite （白云母） White Rare 1 perfect 2-3 Cleavage Olivine （橄榄石） Green Common 1 fair 6.5-7 Color Pyroxene （辉石） Dark Rare 2(87/93 °) 5-6.5 Cleavage Quartz （石英） White Common None 7 Fracture(断口) Ps:This table lists the most important features of the basic rock-forming mineral. Cleavage:极完全解理、完全解理、中等解理、不完全解理、无解理 Formulas of Rock-forming Minerals Fewer than a dozen minerals account for the vast volume of the worlds rock （少于一打的造岩矿物却占地球上岩石的主要体积）.These rock-forming minerals make up substantial portions(重要部分),even the totality （甚至全 ,of the rocks they occur in .Here they are,with their formul