英语词汇学zhao Form.pptVIP

4.6 Words from proper names The English vocabulary is also characterized by the number of words that derive from the names of people, books or brands. This process is called the commonization of proper names. Sandwich Guy Robot Ampere Ohm Watt Catch-22 John is in a catch-22 situation now. Words from names of places china watergate: originally the name of an office building in Washington, D.C. champagne: a white wine made in the region of Champagne, France. Why is a scandal always a -gate ? President-related scandals 伊朗门，白宫秘书门，情报门 Politics-related scandals Koreagate，cattlegate，虐囚门 All kinds of scandals 兽兽门，艳照门，博客门，日记门，etc. exocentric compound离心复合词 Exocentric Compound is a term used to refer to a particular type of compound, viz. compounds that lack a head. Often these compounds refer to pejorative properties of human beings. scarecrow（稻草人） takehome（实得的，可以带回家的 playboy（花花公子） lackluster（无光泽的） cutthroat（凶手） breakneck（非常危险的） get－together（联欢会） come－hither（吸引人的）  Common Patterns of compounds Noun compounds Verb compounds Adjective compounds Pronoun compounds Special compounds Noun compounds  Adj+n. harddisk,easychair,deadline, N+p.p. machine-building ,handwriting N.+n. information highway, barcode lipservice, spaceship, weekend, she-wolf Adv+n. aftereffect, overburden, upgrade, Adv+v. upstart, downfall, onflow, V+adv put-off, show-off V+n. breakfast, swearword, jumpsuit N+v. toothpick, snowfall, watersupply 4.2.Conversion转化法 A word is used as another word-class with new meaning and function but without any change in form. The method is conversion \functional shift\zero-derivation. He fathered a son. Who father your son? Einstein fathered relativity. He fathered a proposal. He fathered a controversy. The cat nosed her kitten. The bulldozer nosed