_材料力学双语教学学习资料3.docVIP

材料力学双语教学学习资料3 主讲教师：陈晓峰 第七章 应力和应变分析 强度理论 Chapter Seven Stress and Strain Analysis Strength Theories §7–1 应力状态概述 §7–1 Concepts of the State of Stress 1．一点的应力状态：过一点有无数的截面，这一点的各个截面上应力情况的集合，称为这点的应力状态。 state of stress at a point: There are countless sections through a point. The gathering of stresses in all sections is called the state of stress at this point. 2．单元体：构件内的点的代表物，是包围被研究点的无限小的几何体，常用的是正六面体。 Element: Delegate of a point in the member. It is an infinitesimal geometric body enveloping the studied point. In common use it is a correctitude cubic body. 3．主单元体：各侧面上剪应力均为零的单元体。 principal element :The element in which the shearing stresses in side planes are all zero. 4．主平面：剪应力为零的截面。 Principal Planes:The planes on which the shearing stresses are zero. 5．主应力：主平面上的正应力。 principal stresses: Normal stresses acting on the principle planes. 6．主应力排列规定；按代数值大小 Convention of the order for three principal stresses: In magnitude of the algebraic value. 7．三向应力状态：三个主应力都不为零的应力状态。 state of the triaxial stress（three dimensional state of stress）:State of stress that all the three principal stresses are not equal to zero. 二向应力状态：一个主应力为零的应力状态。 state of the biaxial stress（plane state of stress）: state of stress that one principal stress is equal to zero. 单向应力状态：一个主应力不为零的应力状态 state of the uniaxial stress（unidirectional state of stress）:state of stress that one principal stress is not equal to zero. §7–2 二向应力状态分析——解析法 §7–2 Analysis of the State of Plane Stress— Analytical Method 1.任意斜截面上的应力：stresses acting in arbitrary inclined plane 2.正负规定：(( 截面外法线同向为正； 绕研究对象顺时针转为正； 逆时针为正。 Sign Stipulate ：(( is positive if its direction is the same with one of the external normal line of the section； is positive if it make the element rotate clockwise； A counterclockwise angle is considered to be positive. §7–3 二向应力状态分析——图解法 §7–3 Analysis of the State of Plane Stress— Grap