Feminist Criticism女性主义批评1.ppt

Feminist Criticism女性主义批评 The aim of feminism (Textbook, P121) Throughout its long history, feminism has sought to disturb the complacent certainties of such a patriarchal culture, 扰乱父权文化 to assert a belief in sexual equality, 坚持性别平等 and to eradicate sexist domination in transforming society. 根除性别歧视 Three waves of feminism女性主义的三次浪潮 First wave feminism (pre-1960s) 女性要和男性一样的权力（俗称女权主义）！ Woman wants freedom from biological difference. A distrust of traditional “femininity”. Fights for women’s rights in all areas. The Women’s Rights Women’s Suffrage movement Virginia Woolf, Simone De Beauvoir Second wave feminism (1960s-1980s) 女性与男性相当不同！ A celebration of women’s difference as central to the cultural politics of liberation. Celebration of the body and recognition of the importance of the unconscious. Shift to the politics of reproduction, to women’s ‘experience’, to sexual ‘difference’ and to ‘sexuality’ America: Kate Millett, Elaine Showalter, Sandra Gilbert Susan Gubar France: Julia Kristeva, Hélène Cixous, Luce Irigaray Third wave feminism (since 1990s)： 女性内部存在很多差异！ realization that women are of many colors, ethnicities, nationalities, religions and cultural backgrounds. The third wave embraces contradictions, conflict and irrationality and attempts to accommodate diversity and change. Rebecca Walker(daughter of Alice Walker)?published an article in a 1992 issue of?Ms.?titled Becoming the Third Wave in which she stated, I am not a post-feminism feminist. I am the third wave. Walkers article generated several hundred letters of response, most from women under 30, inspiring Walker and activist?Shannon Liss?to found the?Third Wave Direct Action Corporation?(now known as Third Wave Foundation) ?Gloria Anzaldua,?bell hooks,?Chela Sandoval,Cherrie Moraga,?Audre Lorde,?Maxine Hong Kingston, and many other feminists of color Catch phrases of the first wave feminism Women’s rights 女权 womens rights include, though are not limited to, the right: to bodily integ