动词不定式的用法导学案.doc

动词不定式的用法导学案 . 时态语态： 主动形式 被动形式 一般式 to do to be done 完成式 to have done to have been done 进行式 to be doing / 完成进行式 to have been doing / 否定形式 not to do not to be done 疑问词＋不定式 wh－ to do wh－ to be done 复合结构 sb.to do/for sb.to do / 、不定式的时态意义 不定式的时态是以句中谓语动词的时间为依据的 （1）一般式表示的动作或状态。 They made plans to live in Paris. 他们计划住在巴黎。（to live 发生在 made plans之后） （2）进行式表示其动作正在进行，。 He pretended to be listening to me carefully. 他假装认真地听我讲。 （3）不定式的完成时表达下列意义： A. 不定式的完成式所表示的动作或状态。 I am sorry to have kept you waiting. 对不起，让你久等了。 （to have kept发生在所表示的时间之前） She is said to have just completed a novel. 据说她刚完成一部小说。 （to have just completed a novel发生在所表示的时间之前） B. 用在intended, expected, meant, hoped, promised, planned, wished, thought, desired, was, were等词后，不定式的完成式表示未曾实现的愿望、期待、想法、打算或计划等。to have + 过去分词表示动作， to have been表示状态。 I meant to have done the work before Sunday. （没完成） I was to have been a doctor. （没当成） I intended to have come to see you.(但没来) C.用在seem, appear, thing, consider, believe等后，表示一个动作先于另一个动作发生。 I seem to have seen her somewhere before.以前我好像在那见过她。（see在seem之前发生） He was believed to have been a reporter.都认为他从前干过记者。（4）不定式的完成进行式表示动作在。 He was happy to have been staying with his uncle. He looked too young to have been publishing books for six years. Ⅲ 不定式的语法功能： 动词不定式是一种非谓语动词，不能充当谓语,但仍具有动词的特性，可以有时态、语态的变化，也可以在句中可充当______ _____ _____ _______ ______ _______等 Examples: It is good to help others. It is my ambition to make sure that the disabled people have access to all public buildings. My ambition is to work in the computer industry when I grow up. I don’t have time to sit around feeling sorry for myself. I am the only student in my class to have a pet snake. A big company has decided to buy it from me. I have had to work hard to live a normal life. Some days I am too tired to get out of bed. We must call on local government to give financial assistance to disabled people. 1.作主语 动词不定式作主语既可位于句首，也可以用_____做形式主语。例如： To learn a skill is very important for everyone in society. 翻译：__