TOEFLWriting技巧.pptVIP

Integrated task 综合写作 Note-taking: Reading: trade between Africa and the Americas in Ancient Egypt 1. nicotine and cocaine in Egyptian mummies -- the tobacco and coca plants are natives of the Americas 2. an image on Egyptian coins -- similar to the shape of the South American continent 3. pyramids in both Egypt and Mesoamerica -- shared shape and purposes Integrated task 综合写作 Note-taking: Lecture: skeptical about the contact between Ancient Egypt and the Americas 1. nicotine tobacco might have come from native African plants 2. it could be a picture of anything, and ancient peoples couldn’t exactly define the shape of an entire continent 3. so many differences in pyramid style and construction techniques TOEFL Writing Lecture 2 Integrated task 综合写作 Writing Skills: Step 1 Plan how to take notes; outlines Step 2 Write thesis statement; compare and contrast; paraphrasing; summarizing Step 3 Revise Integrated task 综合写作 Step 1 -- Plan Reading Listening passages: thesis statement -- 篇章的中心思想，论题 main idea -- 各段的中心思想 -- 中心句 supporting sentence -- 论据 -- 扩展句 注意：主题句在各段出现的位置 Integrated task 综合写作 提取或总结段落大意： 根据段落的特征，多数段落包含主题句(topic sentence)、支持句(supporting sentence) 和（或）结束句(concluding sentence)。主题句的位置不固定，可以在段首的第一句或第二句，也可以在段末最后一句，甚至可以在段中出现。有的段落干脆就没有主题句。 Integrated task 综合写作 Reading thesis statement: Para. 1 main idea: supporting details: Para. 2 main idea: supporting details: Para. 3 main idea: supporting details: Integrated task 综合写作 Lecture thesis: main idea 1 ---- supporting details main idea 2 ---- supporting details main idea 3 ---- supporting details Example -- Reading topic / thesis: Para. 1 main idea: supporting details: 1. 2. Para. 2 main idea: supporting details: 1. 2. 3. Para. 3 main idea: supporting details: 1. 2. 3. Understanding learning styles can improve learning and training improve classrooms and training sessions individuals can study better professors and trainers can instruct better different ways to descri