软件1312班汇编笔记.docxVIP

汇编笔记 计算机的定义： A computer is a device that accepts input processes data,stores data and produces output all according to a series of stored instructions. Computer input is whatever is typed,submitted or transmitted to a computer system. In the context computing data refers to symbols that represent facts,objects and puters manipulate data in many ways and this manipulation is called processing. Memory is a area of computer that temporarily holds data waiting to be processed,stored or output. 微处理器如何获取指令 Where does the microprocessor get it’s instructions ? The simple answer is that a microprocessor executes(执行) instructions provided by a computer program . However,a microprocessor can’t follow just any instructions . A program that contains an instruction to “self destruct(自毁)” won’t have much effect because a microprocessor can perform only a limited list of instructions “self destruct”isn’t one of them . The list of instructions that a microprocessor can perform is called it’s instruction set. These instructions are hard-wired（硬线连接） into the processor’s circuitry(电路、电路系统) and include basic arithmetic(算法) and logic operations. Fetching data and clearing registers. A computer can perform very complex tasks,but it does so by performing a combination of simple tasks from it’s instruction set . How does a microprocessor work? Inside the chip/carrier , a microprocessor is a very complex integrated circuit , containing as many as 300 million miniaturized electronic components . The miniaturized circuitry in a microprocessor is grouped into important functional areas ,such as the ALU and the control unit. The ALU(arithmetic logic unit) performs arithmetic operations , such as addition and subtraction . It also performs logic operations,such as comparing two numbers to see if they are the same . The ALU uses registers to hold data that is being processed , just as you use a mixing bowl to hold the ingredients for a batch of brownies . The microprocessor’s control unit