探索 exploration.ppt

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探索 exploration

The accomplished exploration The discovery of new continent The exploration of the North Pole and the South Pole The exploration of the Moon ● The discovery of new continent Christopher Columbus (c. 1451 – 20 May 1506) was an Italian navigator, colonizer, and explorer whose voyages across the Atlantic Ocean led to general European awareness of the American continents in the Western Hemisphere. With his four voyages of exploration and several attempts at establishing a settlement on the island of Hispaniola, all funded by Isabella I of Castile, he initiated the process of Spanish colonization which foreshadowed general European colonization of the New World. Columbus voyages across the Atlantic Ocean began a European effort at exploration and colonization of the on his first voyage of 1492, he did not actually reach the mainland until his third voyage in 1498. Likewise, he was not the earliest European explorer to reach the Americas, as there are accounts of European transatlantic contact prior to 1492. Nevertheless, Columbuss voyage came at a critical time of growing national imperialism and economic competition between developing nation states seeking wealth from the establishment of trade routes and colonies. Therefore, the period before 1492 is known as Pre-Columbian. ●The exploration of the North Pole and the South Pole In 1990, the 8 circumpolar nations established the International Arctic Science Committee, 1996 and the establishment of the Intergovernmental Arctic Council, almost all the northern hemisphere countries have carried out the Arctic Research activities. China joined the organization in 1996, became the

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