植物细胞与组织培养.pptVIP

植物生物技術生產應用關係圖 * * * * * * 植物細胞與組織培養 Plant Cell and Tissue Culture 精緻農業學系 鍾仁彬 助理教授 課程內容: 植物細胞與組織培養發展至今，技術已經相當純熟，試管內培養成功的植物種類也愈來愈多，廣泛應用於植物學各方面研究、植物繁殖、作物良等，更是生物技術發展的最重要基礎。 本課程期望修課同學瞭解基本原理、技術與應用。包括器官、組織、細胞及原生質體培養的基本技術、器官與胚發生的原理，及組織培養於作物試管內繁殖、無病毒植株培育、單被體培育、誘變育種、體細胞雜種培育、二次代謝物生產、遺傳工程之應用等。 Ch. 1. Introduction 1-1. Definitions 1-2. Advantages of Plant Tissue Culture 1-3. History of Plant Tissue Culture 1-4. Applications 1-1. Definitions ? Plant Tissue Culture ? Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture ? In vitro Culture ? Aseptic Culture 1-2. Advantages of Plant Tissue Culture? 1. For propagation 2. Genotype modification (i.e., plant breeding) 3. Biomass production of biochemical secondary products 4. Plant pathology 5. Germplasm preservation 6. Scientific investigations 器官培養 (Organ culture) 種苗生產 (Seedling production) 育 種 (Breeding) 生物產量分離與精製 (Bio-mass for separation and purification) 醫葯品等有用物質生產 Production for medicaments 細胞培養 (Cell culture) 植物無性繁殖 (Asexal propagation) 細胞固定 (Cell fixation) 種源保存 (Germplasm preservation) 遺傳修飾 (Genetic modification) 必要技術 應用技術 Q : Key points for successful plant tissue culture 1-3. History of Plant Tissue Culture ? 1861 Knop : Knop’s solution, inorganic salt nutrition Haberlandt (Austria) : Cultivate isolated plant cells in vitro on an artificial medium --- Concept of “ Totipotency ” 1922 Kotte (student of Haberlandt): ? Improve medium : sugar, Organic N-compounds Father of Plant Tissue Culture Plants can be separated into their component parts ( organs, tissues, or cells ), which can be manipulated in vitro and then grown back to complete plants. ＊ Concept of “ Totipotency ” 植物可取其部分器官、組織或細胞進行體外操作，然後生長為一個完整植株。 每個細胞具有全套基因組，可再生成為完整個體的能力 1922 Robbins (USA) : Root tip culture - Pisum (豌豆屬), Zea and Gossypium (棉屬) First success of culturing plant tissue in vitro 1923 Robbins Maneval : Mai