英语语法知识精.pptVIP

【真题例句】Further more，it is obvious that the strength of a country’s economy is directly bound up with the efficiency of its agriculture and industry, and that this in turn rests upon the efforts of scientists and technologists of all kinds. 【结构分析】本句主干在第一个逗号后，it is obvious that…，其中it是形式主语，真正的主语为and连接的两个that引导的名词性从句that the strength of a country’s economy is…和that this in turn rests…。第一个主语从句中，代词its指代 country’s;第二个主语从句中，this指代 efficiency of its agriculture and industry。 【参考译文】再者，显而易见的是一个国家的经济实力与其工业生产效率密切相关，而效率的提高又有赖于各种科技人员的努力。  【真题例句】Straitford‘s briefs don’t sound like the usual Washington back-and-forthing, whereby agencies avoid dramatic declarations on the chance they might be wrong. 【结构分析】whereby引导的定语从句whereby agencies avoid dramatic declarations…，whereby指代by + 先行词back-and-forthing，在从句中作方式状语，译为借这种反反复复……。句末的on the chance they might be wrong作状语表示原因。【参考译文】斯特福德公司的简报不同于华盛顿通常的反反复复--政府各部门借这种反反复复来避免作出激动人心的声明，因为他们这些声明可能会出错。 考研英语语法知识精讲 一、总论 见讲义 考试热点是定语从句，另外就是副词性从句和名词性从句以及其他特殊结构。总之通过语法手段连接起的长难句在各个题型中均有体现。 二、英语句法规则 1、句子成分 主语(subject), 谓语(verb), 宾语(object)/表语(predictive), 定语(attribute), 状语(adverbial), 补语(compliment) 2、简单句只有一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语动词（或并列谓语动词）。如：My brother and I go to school at half past seven in the morning and come back home at seven in the evening. 3、 简单句的五种基本句型 句子采用哪一句型，完全取决于谓语动词的用法 1）S+V 2）S+V+O 3）S+V+IN O+DO 用于此句型的动词有buy, find, bring,give,teach,pass,show,tell, do,l eave,get,lend,lose（使……失去）,cost(使……付出代价),offer,promise,sing,write,deny,envy. 4）S+V+O+O C 接名词作补足语的动词有：call,choose,think,consider,believe,find,make,etc. 接动词不定式作补足语的动词有：ask,tell,order,require,want,//advise,persuade,cause,encourage,permit(allow),forbid,teach. 不能用于此结构的动词有：demand to do,hope to do,agree to do 接形容词作补足语的动词有：think,believe,find,feel,consider,keep,leave,make,get,paint,wish,drive 5）S+V+P 系动词有：be,seem,appear,keep,prove,//look,feel,sound,smell,taste/become,grow,get,turn, come(true),fal