山东科技大学翻译基础第二章英汉语言比较.ppt

五.翻译练习 True Lies A World without Thieves The Dream Factory Shawshank Redemption Six of one and half a dozen of the other 半斤八两 隔墙有耳 Walls have ears. 鱼米之乡 a land of milk and honey 白马王子、梦中情人 Mr./Mrs. Right; Prince Charming Rob Peter to pay Paul 拆东墙补西墙 I gave my youth to the sea and I came home and gave my wife my old age. 直：我把青春献给海洋，我回家的时候便把老年给了我的妻子。 意：我把青春献给海洋，等我回到家里见到妻子的时候，已经是白发苍苍。 少时海为家，归乡两鬓斑。 青春献海洋，暮年伴我妻。 Smashing a mirror is no way to make an ugly person beautiful, nor is it a way to make social problems evaporate. 直：砸镜子不能使丑八怪变漂亮，也不能使社会问题烟消云散。 意：逃避并不能解决实际问题。 第二章英汉语言比较 English belongs to the Germanic branch of the Indo-European language family(印欧语系). Chinese belongs to the Sino-Tibetan language family（汉藏语系）. It is well known that English has the richest vocabulary of any European language. On the basis of Angles’ language (Anglo-Saxon), English was built by absorbing words in various languages. Vocabulary 在英语史上，英语吸收了大量其他语言的词汇，加上英语本身就具有很多同义词。英语中的同义词和近义词很多，一词多义(polysemy)的现象很普遍： a soft pillow case. a soft aboveground launching site. The record has been considered soft ever since it was set last May. Marijuana is usually regarded as a soft drug. At this stage there is only soft intelligence about the enemy intention. We should not shoot him from the hip. 2. 汉语的一词多义现象：以“地”为例 词语：地方 地步 地球 地势 地位 地头蛇 地震 地狱 地域 天地 词组或成语：天长地久 天翻地覆 天罗地网 不败之地 Collocation To cut wheat To cut cake To cut finger-nails He wore dark glasses, thick jersey, and stopped up his ears with cotton wool. 他戴黑眼镜，穿厚毛衣，耳朵里面塞了棉花。 But his attack was always repulsed by a kick or a blow from a stick. 但是他每冲一次，不是让人一脚踢了回去，就是让人棍子打了回去。 Word Order 1.定语的位置 汉语的定语通常在所修饰名词前面；英语中单词作定语多放在名词前面，短语作定语多后置。 A research-oriented hospital;something important; a candidate with little chance of success. 2.状语的位置 （1）单词作状语：常放在所修饰的形容词和动词前面。 （2）短语作状语：英语中短语作状语，可放在修饰动词之前或之后；译成汉语时，大多数放在动词前面，也可放在后面。. 3.复合句中的逻辑顺序 (1).时间先后顺序. He was born in London on May 27,1923 (2).因