如何做定性研究 Qualitative research.ppt

Qualitative Research Goals Meaning: how people see the world Context: the world in which people act Process: what actions and activities people do Reasoning: why people act and behave the way they do Doing the Interview Introduction and Building Rapport explain purpose again verbal confidentiality assurance (and go over form) no right or wrong answers… o.k. to ask questions and clarify ask permission to record Your Questions If flexible format… list of things to be sure to talk about To get rich data: PROBE AND FOLLOW You and the Interview: attending, listening, thinking, taking notes, taping note taking – clarify something; to keep you focused silence and patience – balanced with keeping the interview going redirect long-winded tangents back to your line of focus After the Interview: Writing up the Interview and… Summary and notes of main points Verbatim transcripts (don’t let them pile up) Ideas – tentative pieces of analysis Methodological difficulties Personal emotional experience Responding to interviewee requests; emotional issues? Data Collection Methods:  In-depth Interviews Some studies cannot employ the participant observation method E.g., Desroches’s study of bank robbers In-depth interviews allow participants to describe their experiences and the meaning of events taking place in their lives Verbatim quotes capture the language and meaning expressed by participants Interviews are flexible and allow for probing Interview method is quite diverse, adaptive In-depth Interviews (cont’d) Spradley – three key elements for the interview method to be successful Explicit purpose – researcher and informant are aware that the discussion has a purpose Ethnographic explanations – researcher tries out explanations on the participants to see if they make sense Encourage the informants to use colloquial language, and teach the researcher its meaning In-depth Interviews (cont’d) Ethnographic questions include: Descriptive questions – ask pa