有关虚拟语气的讲义.docVIP

虚拟语气 I. 最基本的结构： 1.???????? 从句： Ved 或 were 或 was 主句： would/should/could/might +V Eg: If you stood on the chair, it would collapse. If I had a map, I would lend it to you. 2.???????? 对过去的虚拟： 从句： had+Ved 主句： would/should/could/might + have + Ved Eg: If I had studied hard, I would have passed the exam. 3.???????? 对将来的虚拟： 从句： were to +V should +V Ved 主句： would/should/could/might + V eg ： If I were to go to the moon one day, I could see the surface of the moon . II.省略if，或用别的单词代替了if的情况： 1. 省略if的虚拟句，这时需要把从句中的：were, had, should，提到主语前面,注意：不可将实意动词提前 eg： If I were Tom, I would refuse you.=Were I Tom, I would refuse you. ( ) If I got a book, I would lend it to you; 不可以将 if 省略，因为实意动词不可提前。因此 : Got I a book, I would lend it to you ( 错误的 ) Were I to go to the moon one day, I could see the surface of the moon. Had I helped him, he would not have made mistakes. 2． “If it be not for…”此结构要用虚拟语气， 意思为：要不是… 相当于but for 和without。 Eg If it were not for your help （ =Were it not for your help ） , we could not pass the exam now.( 对现在的虚拟 ) If it had not been for your help (=Had it not been for your help) ,we would not have passed the exam yesterday. （对过去的虚拟） 3. 含蓄条件句：常用的词有：without, but for/that, but , otherwise,或形容词比较级。 eg Without your help, I would not have passed the exam. I would be glad to help you, but I’m busy now.( 要不是我忙 ) But that she was afraid, she would have refused you. A more careful people would not have made so many mistaken.( 如果是一个仔细的人，就不会犯这么多错误 ) III. 虚拟语气中，一些特殊的单词和句子的使用： 1. It is(about, high)time that 从句用Ved 或should +V Eg: It is high time we began to work.=It is time to began to work. It is about time that children went to school. 2. 1）would /had rather, would as soon, would sooner, would prefer 等结构用虚拟，意为：倒希望，，真希望， 现在或将来，从动用：ved 过去, 从动用：had+ved Eg: I’d rather you posted the letter now.( ) I would just as soon you had gone to school yesterday. （过去） I would prefer you didn’t stay there to long.( 将来 ) 2）注意：w