病毒细菌等病原微生物的超微结构.pptx

;一、病毒的超微结构;1、病毒的基本知识;②病毒的主要特征:;病毒是彻底的寄生物:主要的生命活动必须在细胞内才能完成--复制、增殖;;病毒的概念——亚显微的、没有细胞结构的、专性寄生的微生物。;③ 病毒的形态;④病毒的分类:;⑤病毒的成分:;构造;⑥病毒的超微结构:;⑦病毒的对称性;大肠杆菌的T偶数噬菌体是由椭圆形的二十面体头部和螺旋对称的尾部组合而成，是病毒中复合对称的代表。;二十面体对称病毒粒子;腺病毒;Papillomavirus (乳头瘤病毒） ? Many types of papillomavirus cause benign skin tumours (warts疣) in their natural hosts. These warts often regress spontaneously, but human genital warts (tumours caused by specific types of papillomavirus, particularly types 16 and 18) regularly become malignant if they persist for a sufficiently long time. ;Herpesvirus （疱疹病毒） Members of the family herpesviridae are found in a wide range of host systems. To date, at least seven different species are known to infect man, including herpes simplex virus (HSV); cytomegalovirus (CMV), varicella 水痘zoster (VZV); and Epstein Barr virus (EBV). ;螺旋对称的病毒粒子;Virions are 42nm in diameter and possess an isometric nucleocapsid or core of 27nm in diameter, surrounded by an outer coat approximately 4nm thick. The protein of the virion coat is termed surface antigen or HBsAg. It is sometimes extended as a tubular tail on one side of the virus particle. The surface antigen is generally produced in vast excess, and is found in the blood of infected individuals in the form of filamentous and spherical particles. Filamentous particles are identical to the virion tails - they vary in length and have a mean diameter of about 22nm. They sometimes display regular, non-helical transverse striations.;③复合对称的病毒粒子;2、透射电子显微镜下观察病毒;Visualization of individual virus particles 单个病毒粒的可视性 Most biological materials show little contrast with their surroundings unless they are stained. In the case of light microscopy, contrast can be enhanced by using coloured stains which selectively absorb certain wavelengths. The electrons in the electron microscope are absorbed very little by biological material and contrast is obtained mainly by electron scattering. To heighten the contrast between viruses and the background, use is made