小麦中镰刀菌毒素脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇污染现状与防控研究进展_史建荣.pdf

中国农业科学 2014,47(18):3641-3654 Scientia Agricultura Sinica doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2014.18.012 小麦中镰刀菌毒素脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇污染现状 与防控研究进展 史建荣，刘 馨，仇剑波，祭 芳，徐剑宏，董 飞，殷宪超，冉军舰 （江苏省农业科学院食品质量安全与检测研究所/农业部农产品质量安全风险评估实验室（南京）/ 农业部农产品质量安全控制技术与标准重点实验室，南京210014 ） 摘要：脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇（DON），又称呕吐毒素，是由小麦赤霉病菌禾谷镰刀菌复合群（Fusarium graminearum species complex）产生的单端孢霉烯族毒素，毒素在小麦籽粒中累积。作为B型单端孢霉烯族毒素， DON可以引起呕吐、拒食、腹泻、出血甚至死亡， 对猪的危害尤其严重。近年来，小麦赤霉病在世界各地高频率 流行，尤其在中国长江中下游小麦生产区以及黄淮部分小麦产区、美国中西部小麦主产区，导致小麦中 DON 毒素 严重超标，并引发了严重的食品安全问题。本文对国内外小麦中 DON 毒素的污染现状、产毒镰刀菌种类及其化学 型的分布及其趋势、毒素产生的调控机制以及小麦中 DON 毒素的防控途径进行了论述，希望有助于镰刀菌毒素污 染小麦质量安全的风险评估、监管以及科学处置。 关键词：小麦；脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇；禾谷镰刀菌复合群；防控途径 Deoxynivalenol Contamination in Wheat and Its Management SHI Jian-rong, LIU Xin, QIU Jian-bo, JI Fang, XU Jian-hong, DONG Fei, YIN Xian-chao, RAN Jun-jian (Institute of Food Quality and Safety, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Laboratory of Agro-product Quality and Safety Risk Evaluation (Nanjing), Ministry of Agriculture/Key Laboratory of Agro-product Quality and Safety Management and Standard, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing 210014) Abstract: Deoxynivalenol (DON), one of the type B trichothecene mycotoxins, also known as vomitoxin, can cause sickness such as vomiting, feed refusal, bloody diarrhea, dermatitis, hemorrhaging, and even death because of inhibition of DNA, RNA and protein synthesis at the ribosomal level in nonruminant animals, especially swine. DON is the metabolite of Fusarium graminearum species complex(FGSC) which causes wheat head blight around the world. In the last 10 years, FHB has become a severely epidemic for many times in China (especially in Jiangsu, Anhui, Hubei, Henan and Shandong), north America and European cou