Summary Words Summery常用词汇.docVIP

Quoting, paraphrasing, and summarizing： There are three ways of incorporating other writers work into your own writing. They differ according to the closeness of your writing to the source writing. Quotations must be identical to the original. They must match the source document word for word and must be attributed to the original author. e.g. According to Kim (1999),“ The World Trade Organization still has many obstacles to overcome, particularly with regard to decision-making processes”. Students frequently overuse direct quotation in taking notes, and as a result they overuse quotations in the final [research] paper. Probably only about 10% of your final manuscript should appear as directly quoted matter. Therefore, you should strive to limit the amount of exact transcribing(抄写) of source materials while taking notes. Lester, James D. Writing Research Papers. 2nd ed. (1976): 46-47. In writing, when you restate the words of a source but basically use the same words, without quotation marks, it is called reported speech. If the quotation is in first person, in reported speech change it to third person. If the reporting is about an event, change the tense to the past. If the reporting is about an act or a feeling that doesn’t change, leave the tense in the present. Quoted speech: “I buy my automotive parts at Macy’s because I trust the salespeople there. I like to tinker with automobiles. I drive a bus all day, but when I come home, I go right into the garage and start replacing parts on my car”---Oliver Bosworth Reported speech: Oliver Bosworth, a regular Macy’s customer, said that he buys his automotive parts at Macy’s because he trusts the salespeople there. He likes to tinker with automobiles. He drives a bus all day, but when he comes home, he goes right into the garage and starts replacing parts on his car Information from a source can often be more clearly and simply stated in your own words. Restating information in your own words is called paraphras