Water Quality Criteria中英对照.docVIP

Water Quality Criteria Municipal water will be used for several purposes—washing, drinking, waste disposal and as industrial water.城市用水有多种用途——洗涤、引用、废弃物处理以及工业用水。 The quality requirements will be set by the most critical of these uses, that is, human consumption.水质标准由这些用途中对水质要求最高的饮用水确定。The criteria will reflect the need to produce water which is hygienic with a minimum of pathogens and toxins; aesthetically acceptable and potable; non-corrosive to the distribution system; can be produced for the least cost. 该标准反映了所生产的水需满足以下要求：（a）合乎卫生，即病菌和毒素的含量最低；（b）外观令人满意并可饮用；（c）对配水系统无腐蚀作用；（d）生产成本低廉。 To meet these conditions, several sets of standards have been proposed and are continually being revised.为满足这些要求，人们已经提出了多项指标，并在不断修改之中。 The specific concentrations proposed are suggested as those which will not adversely affect water quality.所提出的特定浓度是指那些不会影响水质的浓度标准。 The general types of criteria for drinking water supplies are described for the following parameters: microbiological, health and toxicity, and aesthetic properties of the water.饮用水的一般标准用以下参数表示：微生物学指标、卫生及毒性指标和水体的感官性质。 Microbiological Criteria for Drinking Water 饮用水的微生物学指标 Microbiological standards for drinking water are considered to be the most important and most widely quoted standards.饮用水的微生物学指标被认为是最重要、最常用的标准。 Direct tests for pathogens are difficult types because of the low number of pathogens present and the large number of different types of pathogen which can be present.因为水中病原体总量很少，但种类很多，所以直接检测十分困难。 The routine microbiological testing of waters relies upon the enumeration of the non-pathogenic coliform bacteria. 水中的常规微生物学检验是取决于水中非病原体大肠杆菌的数量。 A common standard is that the average number of coliforms is less than one per 100ml of sample with specification of statistical variation and sampling frequency.一般标准是每100毫升水样中大肠杆菌的平均数小于1，该平均数是根据不同的统计方法和取样次数确定的。 Health and Toxicity Criteria for Drinking Water 饮用水的卫生和毒性指标 Several different types of compound are considered harmful, including both organic and inorganic species.有几种化合物被认