水稻类病变突变体及抗病性的研究进展-植物病理学报.PDF

植物病理学报 ACTA PHYTOPATHOLOGICA SINICA　 41(1):1-9(2011) 췍췍췍췍췍췍췍췍 췍 专题评述췍 췍췍췍췍췍췍 水稻类病变突变体及抗病性的研究进展 陈析丰, 金 杨, 马伯军* (浙江师范大学化学与生命科学学院,金华 321004) 摘要: 植物类病变突变体是一类在没有病原物侵染情况下就能自发产生坏死斑的突变体,这类突变往往导致植株的抗病 增强和防御相关基因的组成性表达。 水稻中已报道了将近200个来源不同的类病变突变体,截至2009年5月底52个水稻 类病变突变体已被鉴定和命名,其中6个控制类病变性状的基因被克隆,它们分别编码不同的蛋白,包括热激蛋白转录因 子、E3泛素连接酶、酰基转移酶、质膜蛋白激酶、锌指蛋白和锚蛋白。 尽管这些蛋白不是直接与植物抗病途径相关,但是在 41个已鉴定的水稻类病变突变体中,绝大多数提高了对白叶枯病或稻瘟病的抗性,表明这些类病变基因的突变激活了植株 的防御系统,并且不同的类病变基因可能参与了不同的抗病信号传导途径。 深入研究水稻类病变突变体对作物抗病的分 子机理研究和栽培品种的遗传改良都具有重要的意义。 关键词: 水稻;类病变突变体;基因鉴定;抗病性 Progress onthe studies of rice lesion mimics and their resistant mechanismto the pathogens　 CHEN Xi-feng, JINYang, MABo-jun　 (CollegeofChemistryandLifeSciences,ZhejiangNormal University,Jinhua321004,China) Abstract: Lesion mimic mutants are characterized as the formation of necrotic lesions in the absence of pathogens,and such genetic defects often result in enhanced resistance to pathogen infection and constitutive expression of defense response genes. About200 rice lesion mimicswere found by different strategies,52 of which had been identified by the end of May,2009. Six geneshadbeen cloned from these identified mutants and encodeddistinctproteinsincludingheat stresstranscriptionfactor,E3ubiquitinligase,acyltransferase,cy- toplasmic protein kinase,zinc finger protein and ankyrin repeatsprotein. Although none of these proteins ap- peared tobe directly involvedinplant defensepathways,most ofthe41lesion mimicsexhibitedtheresistance toXanthomonas campestris pv. oryzae or Magnaporthe grisea and constitutive expression of typical defense- response marker genes such as callose,autofluorescence martials,phytoalexin,reactive oxygen specie,and pathogen-related genes. It was indicated that these lesion mimic mutations activated the defense system in plants,but they probably functioned in distinct signaling pathways. Thus,extensive studiesof rice lesion mi- mics