attributivecluse.ppt

（一）定义及相关术语 1.定语从句： 修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后。 2.先行词： 被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。 3.关系词： 引导定语从句的词叫关系词。 how 关系词有关系代词和关系副词 关系代词有: that, which, who, whom, whose,as等 关系副词有: when, where, why what The man who is shaking hands with my father is a policeman. 关系词通常有下列三个作用： A.引导定语从句； B.代替先行词； C.在定语从句中担当一个成分。 （二）关系词在定从中的作用 1.who 指人，在定语从句中作主语。 The boys who are playing football are from Class One. 2. whom 指人，在定语从句中做宾语，常可省略。 Mr Liu is the person ( whom ) you talked about on the bus. 注意：关系代词 whom 在口语或非正式文体中常可用 who 来代替，也可省略。 The man ( whom / who ) you met just now is my old friend. 3. which 指物，在定语从句中做主语或宾语，做宾语时常可省略。 Football is a game which is liked by most boys. This is the pen ( which ) he bought yesterday. 4．that 既可指人也可指物。在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时常可省略。 The number of people that / who come to visit this city each year reaches one million. The season that / which comes after spring is summer. 5. whose 通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语。 I visited a scientist whose name is known all over the country. I once lived in the house whose roof has fallen in. 注意：指物时，常用下列结构来代替： The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired. The classroom the door of which/of which the door is broken will soon be repaired. 6. as在定从中指整件事情，或是指受到the same, such, as, so 等修饰的先行词，在从句中作主语、宾语或是表语。 As is known to all, China is a developing country. It was so difficult a problem as nobody in my class could work out. This is the same dictionary as I lost last week. 7.when 指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。 I still remember the day when I first came to this school. The time when we got together finally arrived. 8. where 指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。 Shanghai is the city where I was born. The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled down. 9.why 指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语。 Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane. The reason why he was punished is unknown to us. 注意：关系副词引导的定语从句，从句中的关系副词一定可以分解成“介词+关系代词” 。 Shanghai is the city whe