语言学课件6课件.ppt

Lecture SixLanguage and Cognition Teaching objectives: the learners will be better able to know some basic theories in psycholinguistics and cognitive linguistics. Teaching Focus: language acquisition, language comprehension, language production, categorization and metaphor Teaching Methods and Strategies: teacher presentation and class discussion Teaching Procedures 1. Cognition 2. Psycholinguistics 2.1 Language acquisition 2.2 Language comprehension 2.3 Language production 3. Cognitive Linguistics 3.1 Categorization 3.2 Metaphor 3.3 Metonymy 1. What is Cognition? the acquisition of knowledge through perception and experience, the organization of knowledge into mental structures; the conscious or unconscious interpretation of experiences on the basis of previously stored knowledge and mental operations. In short, cognition is the way we think! 2. Psycholinguistics Psychological aspects of language. Psychological states and mental activity with the use of language. Language acquisition, language production comprehension. 2.1 Language Acquisition (1) Holophrastic stage Around 1st birthday; Words are produced in isolation; Lasts 2 months—a year. (2) Two-word stage Around 18 months; Vocabulary grows; Primitive syntax. (3) Stage of three-word utterance (4) Fluent grammatical conversation stage 2.2 Language comprehension --- How do people use their knowledge of language, and how do they understand what they hear or read? Mental lexicon: information about the properties of words, retrievable when understanding language. It includes linguistic knowledge: meaning, spelling, pronunciation, collocation of the word. non-linguistic knowledge: encyclopedic knowledge, personal experience, etc. Word recognition Word retrieval model 1) Cohort model（集群模型） Marslen-Wilson Welsh (1978,1980,1981,1990) It hypothesizes that auditory word recognition begins with the formation of a group of words at the perception of the initia