宣汉中学2014高中英语Module 3 My First Ride on a Train Period 4 Grammar学案 外研版.docVIP

四川省宣汉中学2014高中英语 Module 3 My First Ride on a Train Period 4 Grammar 1. The –ed form过去分词作定语 分词是动词的一种非限定形式，主要起构成形容词和副词的作用，共有两种形式，一种是现在分词（-ing）,一种是过去分词（-ed）.现在分词一般有主动的意思，过去分词一般有被动和完成的意思，以下主要是过去分词作定语的几点用法。 （1）及物动词的过去分词单独用作定语，表被动。 e.g. moved students drowned people used paper a broken cup developed countries (2 )个别的过去分词（多由不及物动词构成）只表示完成，不表示被动。 e.g. fallen leaves. / returned students. 归国留学生。 (3)某些动词的过去分词作定语，既可作前置定语，又可作后置定语，但含义不同。 e.g.The method used( 被采用的) is very efficient./ This is a used（用过的）book. The book given(给) to him is an English novel. We will be meeting at a given(特定的) time and place. (4) 有些过去分词己经失去了被动意义, 相当于形容词作定语,表示主语所处的一种状态.常用来修饰人。 也可以修饰物，这类被过去分词所修饰指物的名词大概有两类: a.指人发出的声音: voice , shout , scream , cry 等; b.指人的面部表情: face, look , expression , smile 等; 修饰的过去分词有: disappointed, puzzled, surprised, excited, satisfied, frightened, pleased, trembled, discouraged, etc. a frightened look 惊恐的神态 a frightening look 吓人的神态 a pleased smile （自己感到）满意的微笑 a pleasing smile 令人愉快的微笑 2．一般过去时态的构成、表达及用法 结构形式He always went to work by bus last year. Often at night she would hear a long low whistle. ★ used to +动词原形，也可以表示过去的习惯，而现在已不; 但是would则表示过去的习惯性动作。 There used to be some trees by the lake. We would go to the shop to drink when we were at school. 2.表示说话者原来没有料到、想到或希望的事。 I thought the film would be interesting ,but it isn’t. I didn’t know that man was my friend, Mike. He had completely changed. 3. 对于一个已经发生的动作使用现在完成时，而谈及其具体的某一方面的情况则使用一般过去时态。 Have you had your lunch? 你吃过午饭了吗？（意思是说你现在不饿吗？） Yes, I have. 是的，我已经吃过了。（意思是说已经吃饱了，不想再吃了。） When did you have it? 你是什么时候吃的？（关心的是吃的动作发生在何时。） I had it about ten minutes ago. 我是大约十分钟以前吃的。 4. 表示两个紧接着发生或一连串的并列过去动作，都使用一般过去时。 He bought a watch but lost it. Mrs Cousin ran to the table, picked up her baby in her arms, ran inside and shut the door. 语法练习(一) 1.Don’t use words, expressions or phrases ____ only to people with specific knowledge. A. being known B. having been known C. to be k