国际经济法第七章三、贸易救济措施s.ppt

三、贸易救济措施 周超 2009 Questions? What is Trade Remedies? What is anti-dumping measures? What is countervailing measures? What is safeguard measures? Anti-dumping GATT Art VI 1. The contracting parties recognize that dumping, by which products of one country are introduced into the commerce of another country at less than the normal value of the products, is to be condemned if it causes or threatens material injury to an established industry in the territory of a contracting party or materially retards the establishment of a domestic industry. 一、反倾销 　　（一）倾销的含义和认定 　　倾销的含义： GATT 第 6 条规定，一国产品以低于正常价格进入另一国市场，如果因此对一缔约方领土内已经建立的某项工业造成实质性损害或实质损害威胁，或对某一国内工业新建产业产生实质阻碍即构成倾销。 For the purposes of this Article, a product is to be considered as being introduced into the commerce of an importing country at less than its normal value, if the price of the product exported from one country to another (a) is less than the comparable price, in the ordinary course of trade, for the like product when destined for consumption in the exporting country, or, (b) in the absence of such domestic price, is less than either (i) the highest comparable price for the like product for export to any third country in the ordinary course of trade, or (ii) the cost of production of the product in the country of origin plus a reasonable addition for selling cost and profit. 　倾销的认定：认定正常价格的标准是国内价格、向第三国出口价格、结构价格。 　　WTO 《反倾销协议》：约束成员对外国倾销反应（反倾销措施），而不能约束企业的倾销行为。 2. In order to offset or prevent dumping, a contracting party may levy on any dumped product an anti-dumping duty not greater in amount than the margin of dumping in respect of such product. For the purposes of this Article, the margin of dumping is the price difference determined in accordance with the provisions of paragraph 1.* （二）反倾销程序 　　通常需要立案调查、初裁、终裁三个阶段。在立案调查阶段涉及申诉人资格，通知要求，证据提供；初裁阶段涉及采取临时措施和价格承诺。临时措施应自调查之日起 60 天后采取，最长时间不超过 6 个月。终裁阶段涉及反倾销税的征收方式，包括征收反倾销税的对象、期限、原则和税率。 反倾销税的征收 　　反倾销税的性质：是进口国对来自外国的倾销产品征收的一种进口附加税 　　征税对象：自作出终局裁定之日起对进入消费领域的被控倾销的进口产品