无机与分析化学答案(第二版)第二章.docVIP

第二章 化学反应一般原理 2-1 苯和氧按下式反应： C6H6(l) + O2(g) ( 6CO2(g) + 3H2O(l) 在25℃100kPa下，0.25mol苯在氧气中完全燃烧放出817kJ的热量，求C6H6的标准摩尔燃烧焓(cH(m和该燃烧反应的(rU(m。 解： ( = (B(1(nB = ((0.25 mol) / ( (1) = 0.25 mol (cH(m = (rH(m = = (817 kJ / 0.25 mol = (3268 kJ(mol(1 (rU(m = (rH(m ( (ngRT = (3268 kJ(mol(1 ( (6 (15 / 2) ( 8.314 ( 10(3 ( 298.15 kJ(mol(1 = (3264 kJ(mol(1 2-2 利用附录III的数据，计算下列反应的(rH(m。 (1) Fe3O4(s) + 4H2(g) ( 3Fe(s) + 4H2O(g) (2) 2NaOH(s) + CO2(g) ( Na2CO3(s) + H2O(l) (3) 4NH3(g) + 5O2(g) ( 4NO(g) + 6H2O(g) (4) CH3COOH(l) + 2O2(g) ( 2CO2(g) + 2H2O(l) 解： (1) (rH(m = [4 ( ((241.818) ( ((1118.4)] kJ(mol(1 = 151.1 kJ(mol(1 (2) (rH(m = [((285.830) + ((1130.68) ( ((393.509) ( 2 ( ((425.609)] kJ(mol(1 = (171.78 kJ(mol(1 (3) (rH(m = [6 ( ((241.818) + 4 ( 90.25 ( 4 ( ((46.11)] kJ(mol(1 = (905.5 kJ(mol(1 (4) (rH(m = [2((285.830) + 2((393.509) ( ((484.5)] kJ(mol(1 = (874.1 kJ(mol(1 2-3 已知下列化学反应的标准摩尔反应焓变，求乙炔(C2H2，g)的标准摩尔生成焓( fH(m。 (1) C2H2(g) + 5/2O2(g) ( 2CO2(g) + H2O(g) ( r H(m= (1246.2 kJ(mol(1 (2) C(s) + 2H2O(g) ( CO2(g) + 2H2(g) ( r H(m = +90.9 kJ(mol(1 (3) 2H2O(g) ( 2H2(g) + O2(g) ( r H(m = +483.6 kJ(mol(1 解：反应2 ( (2) ( (1) ( 2.5 ( (3)为： 2C(s) + H2(g) ( C2H2(g) ( f H(m (C2H2) = 2 ( ( r H(m(2) ( ( r H(m(1) ( 2.5( r H(m(3) = [2 ( 90.9 ( ( (1246.2) ( 2.5 ( 483.6] kJ(mol(1 = 219.0 kJ(mol(1 2-4 求下列反应在298.15 K的标准摩尔反应焓变( r H(m。 (1) Fe(s)+Cu2((aq)(Fe2((aq)+Cu(s) (2) AgCl(s)+Br((aq)(AgBr(s)+Cl((aq) (3) Fe2O3(s)+6H((aq)(2Fe3((aq)+3H2O(l) (4) Cu2+(aq)+Zn(s) (Cu(s)+Zn2+(aq) 解： ( r H(m(1) = [(89.1(64.77 ] kJ(mol(1 = (153.9 kJ(mol(1 ( r H(m(2) = [(167.159 (100.37 ( ((121.55) ( ((127.068)] kJ(mol(1 = (18.91 kJ(mol(1 ( r H(m(3) = [2 ( ((48.5) + 3 ( ((285.830) + 824.2] kJ(mol(1 = (130.3 kJ(mol(1 ( r H(m(4) = [((153.89) ( 64.77] kJ(mol(1 = (218.66 kJ(mol(1 2-5 计算下列反应在298.15K的(rH(m，(rS(m和(rG(m，并判断哪些反应能自发向右进行。 (1) 2CO(g) + O2(g) ( 2CO2(g) (2) 4NH3(g) + 5O2(g) ( 4NO(g) + 6H2O(g