诗歌阅读的“五觉”.ppt

诗歌阅读的“五觉” 李永毅 2009.10 “五觉”概览 形觉（诗歌的空间特征） 声觉（诗歌的时间特征） 触觉（诗歌的结构特征） 情觉（诗歌的经验特征） 智觉（诗歌的知性特征） 诗歌阅读的一些误区 （1）伦理误区：道德洁癖 It is a contradiction to attempt a sinless literature of sinful man. --Cardinal Newman It [the poetical character] has as much delight in conceiving an Iago as an Imogen. What shocks the virtuous philosop[h]er, delights the camelion Poet. It does no harm from its relish of the dark side of things any more than from the bright one; because both end in speculation. --John Keats （2）阐释误区：终极答案 “Man can embody truth but he cannot know it.” --William Butler Yeats “A poem does not mean, but be.” --Archibald Macleish （3）心理误区：透明情结 阅读诗歌与阅读专业物理书籍一样需要训练和相关的知识储备： 文学传统（格律、语汇、主题、程式、手法）； 文学理论（特定时期文学看待世界的方式）； 作家的生活经历、思想框架和文学理念； 特定时期的整体精神氛围； 个人对人生和世界的体悟； 阅读所训练出来的对文字的敏感； 简单的个案 In a Station of the Metro The apparition of these faces in the crowd; Petals on a wet, black bough. Three years ago in Paris, I got out of a ‘metro’ train at La Concorde, and saw suddenly a beautiful face, and then another and another, and then a beautiful childs face, and then another beautiful woman, and I tried all that day to find words for what this had meant to me, and I could not find any words that seemed to me worthy, or as lovely as that sudden emotion....I wrote a 30-line poem and destroyed it… Six months later I made a poem half that length; a year later I made the following hokku-like sentence. 如何理解这首诗？ 历史的定位：熟悉庞德所反叛的维多利亚文学传统（伦理说教的文学价值观；“软”的表达方式；平庸保守的中产阶级读者）。 诗人的主张：意象主义（direct treatment of the thing）； superimposition；grammar of the unconscious。 与东方诗歌的关联：娉娉袅袅十三余，豆蔻梢头二月初。 与西方诗歌的关联：Homer, Virgil, Dante, Milton 一 形觉 诗是一种空间艺术（外形：字形、行形、空白、空行、标点、整体空间排列；视觉意象：构图、设色、动静、特写） 《文心雕龙·练字》：“一避诡异，二省联边，三权重出，四调单复”“瘠字累句，则纤而行劣；肥字积文，则黯而篇暗；善酌字者，参伍单复，磊落如珠矣。” 谢榛《四溟诗话》：“律诗虽宜颜色，两联贵乎一浓一淡。若两联浓，前後四句淡，则可；若前後四句浓，中间两联淡，则不可。亦有八句皆浓者，唐四杰有之；八句皆淡者，孟浩然韦应物有之。非笔力纯粹，必有偏枯之病。” 星垂平野闊，月涌大江流。 滄海月明珠有泪，藍田日暖玉生烟。 同心而離居，憂傷以終老。 Dickinson (1) Presentiment is that long