中国生物防治学报稿件-- 黄瓜白粉病菌拮抗真菌鉴定及生防效果评价.docVIP

黄瓜白粉病菌拮抗真菌鉴定及生防效果评价 卢幸蓉陈大为张树武刘佳徐秉良＊ （甘肃农业大学植物保护学院，兰州 730070） 摘要：通过组织分离法、孢子萌发法、叶圆盘法及室内盆栽法对黄瓜白粉病菌拮抗真菌进行了分离筛选和防治效果评价，并利用形态学和分子生物学对其进行鉴定。结果表明，从侵染黄瓜叶片的白粉病菌菌落边缘组织中共分离获得21个菌株，其中菌株JK-13具有较高的拮抗活性，48 h后，其发酵液对白粉孢子萌发的抑制率为89.93%，对离体叶片白粉病的防效达88.02%，盆栽幼苗白粉病的防效为76.34%。经显微镜下观察发现JK-13发酵液处理的离体叶片白粉孢子皱缩，甚至停止生长。结合形态学和分子生物学方法鉴定该菌为腐皮镰刀菌（Fusarium solani）。 关键词：黄瓜白粉病；拮抗真菌；鉴定；生物防治 Identification and evaluation the bio-control efficacy of antagonistic fungi against cucumber powdery mildew （College of Plant Protection, Gansu Agricultural UniversityLanzhou 730070, China） Abstracts: In order to evaluate the bio-control potential of antagonistic fungi against cucumber powdery mildew in the present study, the antagonistic fungi were isolated and screened by the methods of tissue isolation, spores germination, leaves disc and greenhouse experiments. Also, the antagonistic fungi were identified by characteristic of morphology and molecular biology. The resulted showed that 21 strains of antagonistic fungi were isolated from the edge of cucumber tissue which was infected with the pathogen of Sphaerotheca fuliginea. Among all the isolated strains, the strain of JK-13 presented the highest control efficacy in vitro and greenhouse experiments. The inhibitory rates of spores germination by 83.93% after 48 hours, and the control efficacy was as high as 88.02% and 76.34% in leaf and pot experiments, respectively. Microscope observation showed that the spores of Sphaerotheca fuliginea were become shrank, and even stop growing after application with the fermentation of JK-13 in leaf disc. Moreover, the strain of JK-13 was identified as Fusarium solani by combing with the characteristic of morphology and molecular biology. Key words: cucumber; antagonistic fungi; identification; biological control 白粉病是黄瓜栽培过程中常见病害之一，在全国各地均有发生，尤其北方温室和大棚内最易发生[1]。因白粉病影响叶片的光合作用，对黄瓜生长后期造成很大的产量损失，发病严重时可引起50%的产量损失，甚至造成绝产[2]。随着温室黄瓜栽培的面积的逐年增加，黄瓜白粉病的危害也更加广泛。目前，黄瓜白粉病的防治主要是杀菌剂和抗病品种并结合一些简单的农业措施，但是随着杀菌剂长时间的大量使用，白粉病原菌对很多药剂都产生了不同程度的抗性，防治效