电磁场与电磁波第六章.pptVIP

In the same way, the force F12 due to the magnetic field B2 caused by the current I2 on the current loop l1 is The above two equations are called Ampere’s law. Based on Newton’s third law, we have , which can be proved directly from the equations. If the shape of the loop circuit is complex, it is very difficult to evaluate the integral, and a close form expression cannot even be found. In order to calculate the magnetic force, the method of virtual work can be used. Here we directly apply the generalized forces（广义力） and coordinates to derive the general formulas for obtaining the magnetic force. Under the influence of the generalized force F of the magnetic field caused by the current I1, assume one generalized coordinate of the loop circuit l2 has an increment dl , leading to an increment of the magnetic energy dWm. Two cases are to be considered: (a) If the currents I1 and I2 are unchanged, the case of a constant current（常电流） system results. Then The works done by the impressed source for two circuits, respectively, are Then the total work dW done by the impressed source in the two loop circuits should be equal to the sum of the work by the generalized magnetic force and the increment of the magnetic energy so that By (6-3-5) Then the total work dW done by the impressed source in the two loop circuits is i.e. We find (b) If the magnetic flux linkages with all circuits are unchanged, we have the case of a constant magnetic flux system. We find Since there is no change in the magnetic flux, no new electromotive force is produced in the two circuits. Hence, the impressed source does zero work, i.e. Magnetic forces are used widely, such as in electromagnets（电磁铁）, maglev bearings（磁悬浮轴承）, and maglev vehicles, all of them being based on the action of magnetic forces. Example 1. Calculate the magnetic force between an infinitely long current-carrying wire and a rect