十大品行困难（国外英文资料）.docVIP

十大道德难题（国外英文资料） The Trolley Problem. The trolley problem is the ethics field one of the most famous thought experiment, its content is roughly: a madman tied five innocent people on the tram. A runaway tram came up to them, and a moment later they were crushed. Luckily, you can pull a pole and let the trolley go on to the other track. But there was one problem, too, that the madman had tied a man in that other orbit. Considering the above situation, should you pull the pole? Reading: The trolley problem was originally proposed by the philosopher Philippa Foot to criticize the main theories of ethics, especially utilitarianism. The utilitarian argument is that most moral decisions are based on the principle of providing the greatest benefit to the most people. From a utilitarian point of view, the obvious choice should be lala, saving five people and killing only one. But utilitarianism critics believe that once the pull rod, you become a conspiracy of unethical behavior, do you want to a person in an orbit separate death partly responsible. Others, however, believe that you need to do something in this situation, and your inaction will be equally immoral. In short, there is no such thing as a complete moral behavior. Thats the point. Many philosophers have used the trolley problem as an example to show the real-life situation often force a person against his own code of ethics, and there is no complete moral practice. The Cow in The field One of the most important thought experiments in the field of epistemology is the cow in the open. It describes a farmer who worries about losing his winning cow. When the milkman arrived on the farm, he told the farmer not to worry, because he saw the cow in an open field in the enclosure. Although the farmer believed in the milkman, he looked in person, and he saw the familiar black and white shapes and was satisfied. After a while, the milkman came to the clearing to reconfirm. The cow is indeed there, but it is hiding in the wo