商务管理与沟通中英翻译.pptVIP

Ways Good Writers Write Revise first drafts Write regularly Break big jobs into small chunks Focus on purpose, audience Choose from several different strategies Use rules flexibly Finish a draft before editing text Four Basic Composing Activities Plan – analyze, gather Write – transform ideas into words Revise – evaluate, get feedback, change Edit – correct grammar, typos 1. Planning Analyze problem, define purposes, analyze audiences Think of information; gather it Research: files, books, magazines, Web sites Choose organization pattern Make an outline 2. Writing Put ideas into words on paper or screen Make a list Jot notes Do stream-of-consciousness writing Create formal draft 3. Revising Evaluate in terms of audience, goals, and situation Will audience understand it? Is it complete? Is it convincing; also, friendly? Get feedback from someone else Add, delete, substitute, or rearrange single words or large sections. 4. Editing Focus on surface of message: Standard English Grammar spelling Capitalization punctuation Business principles Build goodwill Use conventional format Proofread; correct typographical errors More About Composing Activities Don’t have to do in 1-2-3 order Don’t have to finish one to start another Don’t have to use all activities for every message Writing Time Management Brainstorm, Plan Organize When content isn’t obvious— Brainstorm Freewrite Cluster Talk to audiences Brainstorm Quickly jot all the ideas you can Try for a dozen ideas without stopping When ideas run out, judge each idea on list Freewrite Write nonstop for 10 to 12 min. Read and identify best points Repeat Step 1 on clean page Keep all usable text Cluster Write topic at middle of page Write related ideas around it Look for patterns, repeated ideas Group related ideas by color Use groups to develop content Cluster: Example Talk to Your Audiences Involve readers in planning Helps reduce the number of revisions Revise, Edit Proofread Revise – change content to satisf