Dresier(浅析德莱赛德在嘉莉妹妹中的自然主义).docxVIP

Dresier’s Naturalism in Sister Carrie 摘要： 美国作家西奥多德莱赛被认为美国自然主义的杰出代表，本文以其第一部小说《嘉莉妹妹》为例分析德莱赛自然主义德一些特征。论文从德莱赛创作嘉莉妹妹的历史文化背景出发，研究德莱赛在《嘉莉妹妹》中表现出来的自然主义。论文涉及该小说的两大背景：一是达尔文主义和宿命论；二是美国自然主义。同时分析自然主义的三大特点：欲望，本能和环境，人的本能欲望迫使人一直想往更高处走，动物的本能可能迫使人为了达到目的不择手段的使用各种计策，大的环境直接决定了这个人的命运以及他最后是否能够获得成功。通过对这三方面德分析，最后得出结论：《嘉莉妹妹》一文中的主人公嘉莉在欲望的驱使下，使用各种手段最后虽然获得了成功，但是她最后却始终与孤独相伴。 同时本文还对自然主义存在的缺陷进行了批判，自然主义过分强调悲观主义决定论和人性兽性化。这些倾向势必会影响到读者在阅读自然主义作品中对人性的分析和评价。因此，读者应秉承凡事都有两面性的原则，对人性本善充满信心，看到人性中真善美的一面。 关键词 自然主义；环境因素；遗传因素；欲望 Abstract： 　Theodore Dreiser is regarded as an outstanding representative of American naturalism. In this thesis, Dreiser’s first novel Sister Carrie is taken as an example to analyze the features of Dreiser’s naturalism. The thesis referred to two great historical and cultural background of the novel which are Darwinism，Determinism. American Naturalism. Meanwhile the thesis analyzes three features of naturalism. At last, we can draw the conclusion that the leading character of the novel-Carrie’s destiny has a great connection with Dreiser himself and the decline of Hurstwood is a result of Dreiser’s fear of failure, but Dreiser attributes Carrie and Hurstwood’s unhappiness to their insatiable desire for life or they are doomed to be unhappy etc, and from which we can see Dreiser’s naturalism easily. At the same time, the paper criticize the shortcomings of naturalism. Naturalism pays too much attention to the determinism and human beast. These factors may cause effects on the reading of the readers. Therefore,readers should have an exact attitude in reading Sister Carrie. Key Words: Naturalism; Environment; Hereditary; Desire Contents Ⅰ. Introduction 1 Ⅱ.Environmental Factors for Carrie 5 2.1The Living Environmental Factors--the Lure of the Big City 5 2.2 The Social Environment Factors -the Lure of Love 6 2.3.The Work Environmental Factor--the lure of chances 7 Ⅲ.Hereditary Factors for Carrie 8 3.1A Gift of Beauty 9 3.2A Sentimental Hear 10 3.3An Endles