Cellular reducing equivalents and oxidative stress外文翻译.pdfVIP

Free RadicalBiology Medicine,Vol. 17,No. 1,pp. 65-75, 1994 Pergamon Copyright© 1994ElsevierScienceLtd Printedin the USA.All rightsreserved 0891-5849/94 $6.00 + .00 0891-5849(94)E0029-I Review Article C E L L U L A R R E D U C I N G E Q U I V A L E N T S A N D O X I D A T I V E S T R E S S JAMES P. KEI-mER and LOREN G. LUND Division of Pharmacology/Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA (Received 17August 1993;Revised and Accepted 13December 1993) Abstract--Energy has been proposed to play a role in the ability of cells and tissues to defend against oxidative stress, even though the ultimate antioxidant capacity of a tissue is determined by the supply of reducing equivalents. The pathways involved in supplying reducing equivalents in response to an oxidative stress remain unclear, particularly if competing reactions such as ATP synthesis are active. Glutathione (GSH), a major component of cellular antioxidant systems, is maintained in the reduced form by glutathione reductase. Although this enzyme is specific for NADPH, the ability of intact cells, isolated mitochondria (which are a major source of free radicals and contain antioxidant systems independent of the rest of the cell), and whol